Intro ===== This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of software necessary to run the 2.4 kernels, as well as provide brief instructions regarding any other "Gotchas" users may encounter when trying life on the Bleeding Edge. If upgrading from a pre-2.2.x kernel, please consult the Changes file included with 2.2.x kernels for additional information; most of that information will not be repeated here. Basically, this document assumes that your system is already functional and running at least 2.2.x kernels. This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch, Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the 'net). The latest revision of this document, in various formats, can always be found at http://cyberbuzz.gatech.edu/kaboom/linux/Changes-2.4/ . Feel free to translate this document. If you do so, please send me a URL to your translation for inclusion in future revisions of this document. Last updated: June 11, 2000 Chris Ricker (kaboom@gatech.edu or chris.ricker@genetics.utah.edu). Current Minimal Requirements ============================ Upgrade to at *least* these software revisions before thinking you've encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently running, the suggested command should tell you. Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally running a Linux 2.2 kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all systems; obviously, if you don't have any PCMCIA (PC Card) hardware, for example, you probably needn't concern yourself with pcmcia-cs. o Gnu C 2.7.2.3 # gcc --version o binutils 2.9.1.0.22 # ld -v o util-linux 2.10g # chsh -v o modutils 2.3.10 # insmod -V o e2fsprogs 1.18 # /sbin/tune2fs --version o pcmcia-cs 3.1.13 # cardmgr -V o PPP 2.4.0b1 # pppd --version o isdn4k-utils 3.1beta7 # isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version Kernel compilation ================== GCC --- You will need at least gcc 2.7.2 to compile the kernel. You currently have several options for gcc-derived compilers: gcc 2.7.2.3, various versions of egcs, the new gcc 2.95 and upcoming gcc 3.0, and experimental compilers like pgcc. For absolute stability, it is still recommended that gcc 2.7.2.3 be used to compile your kernel. egcs 1.12 should also work. gcc 2.95 is known to have problems, and using pgcc for your kernel is just asking for trouble. In addition, please pay attention to compiler optimization. Anything greater than -O2 may not be wise. Similarly, if you choose to use gcc-2.95 or derivatives, be sure not to use -fstrict-aliasing (which, depending on your version of gcc 2.95, may necessitate using -fno-strict-aliasing). Binutils -------- Linux on IA/32 has recently switched from using as86 to using gas for assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for as86 to compile your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent release of binutils. If you can, upgrade to the latest 2.9.5 binutils release. Older releases such as 2.8, 2.8.xx, and the FSF's 2.9.1 should be avoided if at all possible. The later releases of 2.9.1.0.x (anything where x >= 22) can and do compile the kernel properly, but there are many benefits to upgrading to 2.9.5 if you're up to it. System utils ============ Architectural changes --------------------- DevFS is now in the kernel. See Documentation/filesystems/devfs/* in the kernel source tree for all the gory details. System V shared memory is now implemented via a virtual filesystem. You do not have to mount it to use it as long as you can live with the default maxima for shared memory and segments. If you wish to change these variables, you have to mount it with the options nr_blocks and/or nr_inodes. POSIX shared memory is also now implemented via a virtual filesystem. If you want to use it, you'll need to mount the filesystem. The recommended mount location is /dev/shm, and adding the following line to /etc/fstab should take care of things: none /dev/shm shm defaults 0 0 Remember to create the directory that you intend to mount shm on if necessary. The Logical Volume Manager (LVM) is now in the kernel. If you want to use this, you'll need to install the necessary LVM toolset. 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline documentation via specially-formatted comments near their definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with the SGML templates in the Documentation/DocBook directory to make DocBook files, which can then be converted by DocBook stylesheets to PostScript, HTML, PDF files, and several other formats. In order to convert from DocBook format to a format of your choice, you'll need to install Jade as well as the desired DocBook stylesheets. Util-linux ---------- New versions of util-linux provide *fdisk support for larger disks, support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition types, and similar goodies. You'll probably want to upgrade. Ksymoops -------- If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you'll need a 2.3 version of ksymoops to decode the report; see REPORTING-BUGS in the root of the Linux source for more information. Modutils -------- Upgrade to recent modutils to fix various outstanding bugs which are seen more frequently under 2.3.x, and to enable auto-loading of USB modules. E2fsprogs --------- The latest version of e2fsprogs fixes several bugs in fsck and debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade. Pcmcia-cs --------- PCMCIA (PC Card) support is now partially implemented in the main kernel source. Pay attention when you recompile your kernel ;-). Also, be sure to upgrade to the latest pcmcia-cs release. Intel P6 microcode ------------------ A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel P6 microcode, accessible as both a devfs regular file and as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using devfs you may need to: mkdir /dev/cpu mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this. Networking ========== General changes --------------- The IP firewalling and NAT code has been replaced again. The new netfilter software (including ipfwadm and ipchains backwards- compatible modules) is currently distributed separately. If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably consider using the network tools from ip-route2. PPP --- The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP, upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0b1. If you are not using devfs, you must have the device file /dev/ppp which can be made by: mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 as root. If you build ppp support as modules, you will need the following in your /etc/modules.conf file: alias char-major-108 ppp_generic alias /dev/ppp ppp_generic alias tty-ldisc-3 ppp_async alias tty-ldisc-14 ppp_synctty alias ppp-compress-21 bsd_comp alias ppp-compress-24 ppp_deflate alias ppp-compress-26 ppp_deflate If you use devfsd and build ppp support as modules, you will need the following in your /etc/devfsd.conf file: LOOKUP PPP MODLOAD Isdn4k-utils ------------ Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded. Getting updated software ======================== Compilers ********* gcc 2.7.2.3 ----------- o ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-2.7.2.3.tar.gz o ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/gnu/gcc-2.7.2.3.tar.gz egcs 1.12 --------- o ftp://ftp.varesearch.com/pub/support/hjl/gcc/egcs-1.1.2/egcs-1.1.2-glibc.x86.tar.bz2 o ftp://ftp.varesearch.com/pub/support/hjl/gcc/egcs-1.1.2/egcs-1.1.2-libc5.x86.tar.bz2 o ftp://ftp.varesearch.com/pub/support/hjl/gcc/egcs-1.1.2/egcs-1.1.2-alpha.tar.bz2 Binutils ******** 2.9.1 series ------------ o ftp://ftp.varesearch.com/pub/support/hjl/binutils/2.9.1/binutils-2.9.1.0.25.tar.gz 2.9.5 series ------------ o ftp://ftp.varesearch.com/pub/support/hjl/binutils/binutils-2.9.5.0.46.tar.gz System utilities **************** Util-linux ---------- o ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/aeb/util-linux/util-linux-2.10g.tar.gz Ksymoops -------- o ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.3 Modutils -------- o ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/modutils/v2.3/modutils-2.3.9.tar.gz E2fsprogs --------- o http://web.mit.edu/tytso/www/linux/dist/e2fsprogs-1.18.tar.gz o http://web.mit.edu/tytso/www/linux/dist/e2fsprogs-1.18.src.rpm LVM toolset ----------- o http://linux.msede.com/lvm/ Pcmcia-cs --------- o ftp://sourceforge.org/pcmcia/pcmcia-cs-3.1.13.tar.gz Jade ---- o ftp://ftp.jclark.com/pub/jade/jade-1.2.1.tar.gz DocBook Stylesheets ------------------- o http://nwalsh.com/docbook/dsssl/ Intel P6 microcode ------------------ o http://www.urbanmyth.org/microcode/ Network ******* PPP --- o ftp://linuxcare.com.au/pub/ppp/ppp-2.4.0b1.tar.gz Isdn4k-utils ------------ o ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/testing/isdn4k- utils.v3.1beta7.tar.gz Netfilter --------- o http://netfilter.filewatcher.org/iptables-1.1.0.tar.bz2 o http://www.samba.org/netfilter/iptables-1.1.0.tar.bz2 o http://netfilter.kernelnotes.org/iptables-1.1.0.tar.bz2 Ip-route2 --------- o ftp://ftp.inr.ac.ru/ip-routing/iproute2-2.2.4-now-ss991023.tar.gz Suggestions and corrections =========================== Please feel free to submit changes, corrections, gripes, flames, money, etc. to me . Happy Linuxing!