/* * setup.S Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds * * setup.s is responsible for getting the system data from the BIOS, * and putting them into the appropriate places in system memory. * both setup.s and system has been loaded by the bootblock. * * This code asks the bios for memory/disk/other parameters, and * puts them in a "safe" place: 0x90000-0x901FF, ie where the * boot-block used to be. It is then up to the protected mode * system to read them from there before the area is overwritten * for buffer-blocks. * * Move PS/2 aux init code to psaux.c * (troyer@saifr00.cfsat.Honeywell.COM) 03Oct92 * * some changes and additional features by Christoph Niemann, * March 1993/June 1994 (Christoph.Niemann@linux.org) * * add APM BIOS checking by Stephen Rothwell, May 1994 * (Stephen.Rothwell@canb.auug.org.au) * * High load stuff, initrd support and position independency * by Hans Lermen & Werner Almesberger, February 1996 * , * * Video handling moved to video.S by Martin Mares, March 1996 * * * Extended memory detection scheme retwiddled by orc@pell.chi.il.us (david * parsons) to avoid loadlin confusion, July 1997 * * Transcribed from Intel (as86) -> AT&T (gas) by Chris Noe, May 1999. * */ #define __ASSEMBLY__ #include #include #include #include #include #include /* Signature words to ensure LILO loaded us right */ #define SIG1 0xAA55 #define SIG2 0x5A5A INITSEG = DEF_INITSEG # 0x9000, we move boot here, out of the way SYSSEG = DEF_SYSSEG # 0x1000, system loaded at 0x10000 (65536). SETUPSEG = DEF_SETUPSEG # 0x9020, this is the current segment # ... and the former contents of CS DELTA_INITSEG = SETUPSEG - INITSEG # 0x0020 .code16 .globl begtext, begdata, begbss, endtext, enddata, endbss .text begtext: .data begdata: .bss begbss: .text start: jmp trampoline # This is the setup header, and it must start at %cs:2 (old 0x9020:2) .ascii "HdrS" # header signature .word 0x0201 # header version number (>= 0x0105) # or else old loadlin-1.5 will fail) realmode_swtch: .word 0, 0 # default_switch, SETUPSEG start_sys_seg: .word SYSSEG .word kernel_version # pointing to kernel version string # above section of header is compatible # with loadlin-1.5 (header v1.5). Don't # change it. type_of_loader: .byte 0 # = 0, old one (LILO, Loadlin, # Bootlin, SYSLX, bootsect...) # else it is set by the loader: # 0xTV: T=0 for LILO # T=1 for Loadlin # T=2 for bootsect-loader # T=3 for SYSLX # T=4 for ETHERBOOT # V = version # flags, unused bits must be zero (RFU) bit within loadflags loadflags: LOADED_HIGH = 1 # if set, the kernel is loaded high CAN_USE_HEAP = 0x80 # if set, the loader also has set # heap_end_ptr to tell how much # space behind setup.S can be used for # heap purposes. # Only the loader knows what is free #ifndef __BIG_KERNEL__ .byte 0 #else .byte LOADED_HIGH #endif setup_move_size: .word 0x8000 # size to move, when setup is not # loaded at 0x90000. We will move setup # to 0x90000 then just before jumping # into the kernel. However, only the # loader knows how much data behind # us also needs to be loaded. code32_start: # here loaders can put a different # start address for 32-bit code. #ifndef __BIG_KERNEL__ .long 0x1000 # 0x1000 = default for zImage #else .long 0x100000 # 0x100000 = default for big kernel #endif ramdisk_image: .long 0 # address of loaded ramdisk image # Here the loader puts the 32-bit # address where it loaded the image. # This only will be read by the kernel. ramdisk_size: .long 0 # its size in bytes bootsect_kludge: .word bootsect_helper, SETUPSEG heap_end_ptr: .word modelist+1024 # space from here (exclusive) down to # end of setup code can be used by setup # for local heap purposes. trampoline: call start_of_setup .space 1024 # End of setup header ##################################################### start_of_setup: # Bootlin depends on this being done early movw $0x01500, %ax movb $0x81, %dl int $0x13 #ifdef SAFE_RESET_DISK_CONTROLLER # Reset the disk controller. movw $0x0000, %ax movb $0x80, %dl int $0x13 #endif # Set %ds = %cs, we know that SETUPSEG = %cs at this point movw %cs, %ax # aka SETUPSEG movw %ax, %ds # Check signature at end of setup cmpw $SIG1, setup_sig1 jne bad_sig cmpw $SIG2, setup_sig2 jne bad_sig jmp good_sig1 # Routine to print asciiz string at ds:si prtstr: lodsb andb %al, %al jz fin call prtchr jmp prtstr fin: ret # Space printing prtsp2: call prtspc # Print double space prtspc: movb $0x20, %al # Print single space (note: fall-thru) # Part of above routine, this one just prints ascii al prtchr: pushw %ax pushw %cx xorb %bh, %bh movw $0x01, %cx movb $0x0e, %ah int $0x10 popw %cx popw %ax ret beep: movb $0x07, %al jmp prtchr no_sig_mess: .string "No setup signature found ..." good_sig1: jmp good_sig # We now have to find the rest of the setup code/data bad_sig: movw %cs, %ax # SETUPSEG subw $DELTA_INITSEG, %ax # INITSEG movw %ax, %ds xorb %bh, %bh movb (497), %bl # get setup sect from bootsect subw $4, %bx # LILO loads 4 sectors of setup shlw $8, %bx # convert to words (1sect=2^8 words) movw %bx, %cx shrw $3, %bx # convert to segment addw $SYSSEG, %bx movw %bx, %cs:start_sys_seg # Move rest of setup code/data to here movw $2048, %di # four sectors loaded by LILO subw %si, %si movw %cs, %ax # aka SETUPSEG movw %ax, %es movw $SYSSEG, %ax movw %ax, %ds rep movsw movw %cs, %ax # aka SETUPSEG movw %ax, %ds cmpw $SIG1, setup_sig1 jne no_sig cmpw $SIG2, setup_sig2 jne no_sig jmp good_sig no_sig: lea no_sig_mess, %si call prtstr no_sig_loop: jmp no_sig_loop good_sig: movw %cs, %ax # aka SETUPSEG subw $DELTA_INITSEG, %ax # aka INITSEG movw %ax, %ds # Check if an old loader tries to load a big-kernel testb $LOADED_HIGH, %cs:loadflags # Do we have a big kernel? jz loader_ok # No, no danger for old loaders. cmpb $0, %cs:type_of_loader # Do we have a loader that # can deal with us? jnz loader_ok # Yes, continue. pushw %cs # No, we have an old loader, popw %ds # die. lea loader_panic_mess, %si call prtstr jmp no_sig_loop loader_panic_mess: .string "Wrong loader, giving up..." loader_ok: # Get memory size (extended mem, kB) xorl %eax, %eax movl %eax, (0x1e0) #ifndef STANDARD_MEMORY_BIOS_CALL movb %al, (E820NR) # Try three different memory detection schemes. First, try # e820h, which lets us assemble a memory map, then try e801h, # which returns a 32-bit memory size, and finally 88h, which # returns 0-64m # method E820H: # the memory map from hell. e820h returns memory classified into # a whole bunch of different types, and allows memory holes and # everything. We scan through this memory map and build a list # of the first 32 memory areas, which we return at [E820MAP]. # meme820: movl $0x534d4150, %edx # ascii `SMAP' xorl %ebx, %ebx # continuation counter movw $E820MAP, %di # point into the whitelist # so we can have the bios # directly write into it. jmpe820: movl $0x0000e820, %eax # e820, upper word zeroed movl $20, %ecx # size of the e820rec pushw %ds # data record. popw %es int $0x15 # make the call jc bail820 # fall to e801 if it fails cmpl $0x534d4150, %eax # check the return is `SMAP' jne bail820 # fall to e801 if it fails # cmpl $1, 16(%di) # is this usable memory? # jne again820 # If this is usable memory, we save it by simply advancing %di by # sizeof(e820rec). # good820: movb (E820NR), %al # up to 32 entries cmpb $E820MAX, %al jnl bail820 incb (E820NR) movw %di, %ax addw $20, %ax movw %ax, %di again820: cmpl $0, %ebx # check to see if jne jmpe820 # %ebx is set to EOF bail820: # method E801H: # memory size is in 1k chunksizes, to avoid confusing loadlin. # we store the 0xe801 memory size in a completely different place, # because it will most likely be longer than 16 bits. # (use 1e0 because that's what Larry Augustine uses in his # alternative new memory detection scheme, and it's sensible # to write everything into the same place.) meme801: movw $0xe801, %ax int $0x15 jc mem88 andl $0xffff, %edx # clear sign extend shll $6, %edx # and go from 64k to 1k chunks movl %edx, (0x1e0) # store extended memory size andl $0xffff, %ecx # clear sign extend addl %ecx, (0x1e0) # and add lower memory into # total size. # Ye Olde Traditional Methode. Returns the memory size (up to 16mb or # 64mb, depending on the bios) in ax. mem88: #endif movb $0x88, %ah int $0x15 movw %ax, (2) # Set the keyboard repeat rate to the max movw $0x0305, %ax xorw %bx, %bx int $0x16 # Check for video adapter and its parameters and allow the # user to browse video modes. call video # NOTE: we need %ds pointing # to bootsector # Get hd0 data... xorw %ax, %ax movw %ax, %ds ldsw (4 * 0x41), %si movw %cs, %ax # aka SETUPSEG subw $DELTA_INITSEG, %ax # aka INITSEG pushw %ax movw %ax, %es movw $0x0080, %di movw $0x10, %cx pushw %cx cld rep movsb # Get hd1 data... xorw %ax, %ax movw %ax, %ds ldsw (4 * 0x46), %si popw %cx popw %es movw $0x0090, %di rep movsb # Check that there IS a hd1 :-) movw $0x01500, %ax movb $0x81, %dl int $0x13 jc no_disk1 cmpb $3, %ah je is_disk1 no_disk1: movw %cs, %ax # aka SETUPSEG subw $DELTA_INITSEG, %ax # aka INITSEG movw %ax, %es movw $0x0090, %di movw $0x10, %cx xorw %ax, %ax cld rep stosb is_disk1: # check for Micro Channel (MCA) bus movw %cs, %ax # aka SETUPSEG subw $DELTA_INITSEG, %ax # aka INITSEG movw %ax, %ds xorw %ax, %ax movw %ax, (0xa0) # set table length to 0 movb $0xc0, %ah stc int $0x15 # moves feature table to es:bx jc no_mca pushw %ds movw %es, %ax movw %ax, %ds movw %cs, %ax # aka SETUPSEG subw $DELTA_INITSEG, %ax # aka INITSEG movw %ax, %es movw %bx, %si movw $0xa0, %di movw (%si), %cx addw $2, %cx # table length is a short cmpw $0x10, %cx jc sysdesc_ok movw $0x10, %cx # we keep only first 16 bytes sysdesc_ok: rep movsb popw %ds no_mca: # Check for PS/2 pointing device movw %cs, %ax # aka SETUPSEG subw $DELTA_INITSEG, %ax # aka INITSEG movw %ax, %ds movw $0, (0x1ff) # default is no pointing device int $0x11 # int 0x11: equipment list testb $0x04, %al # check if mouse installed jz no_psmouse movw $0xAA, (0x1ff) # device present no_psmouse: #if defined(CONFIG_APM) || defined(CONFIG_APM_MODULE) # Then check for an APM BIOS... # %ds points to the bootsector movw $0, 0x40 # version = 0 means no APM BIOS movw $0x05300, %ax # APM BIOS installation check xorw %bx, %bx int $0x15 jc done_apm_bios # Nope, no APM BIOS cmpw $0x0504d, %bx # Check for "PM" signature jne done_apm_bios # No signature, no APM BIOS andw $0x02, %cx # Is 32 bit supported? je done_apm_bios # No 32-bit, no (good) APM BIOS movw $0x05304, %ax # Disconnect first just in case xorw %bx, %bx int $0x15 # ignore return code movw $0x05303, %ax # 32 bit connect xorl %ebx, %ebx xorw %cx, %cx # paranoia :-) xorw %dx, %dx # ... xorl %esi, %esi # ... xorw %di, %di # ... int $0x15 jc no_32_apm_bios # Ack, error. movw %ax, (66) # BIOS code segment movl %ebx, (68) # BIOS entry point offset movw %cx, (72) # BIOS 16 bit code segment movw %dx, (74) # BIOS data segment movl %esi, (78) # BIOS code segment lengths movw %di, (82) # BIOS data segment length # Redo the installation check as the 32 bit connect # modifies the flags returned on some BIOSs movw $0x05300, %ax # APM BIOS installation check xorw %bx, %bx xorw %cx, %cx # paranoia int $0x15 jc apm_disconnect # error -> shouldn't happen cmpw $0x0504d, %bx # check for "PM" signature jne apm_disconnect # no sig -> shouldn't happen movw %ax, (64) # record the APM BIOS version movw %cx, (76) # and flags jmp done_apm_bios apm_disconnect: # Tidy up movw $0x05304, %ax # Disconnect xorw %bx, %bx int $0x15 # ignore return code jmp done_apm_bios no_32_apm_bios: andw $0xfffd, (76) # remove 32 bit support bit done_apm_bios: #endif # Now we want to move to protected mode ... cmpw $0, %cs:realmode_swtch jz rmodeswtch_normal lcall %cs:realmode_swtch jmp rmodeswtch_end rmodeswtch_normal: pushw %cs call default_switch rmodeswtch_end: # we get the code32 start address and modify the below 'jmpi' # (loader may have changed it) movl %cs:code32_start, %eax movl %eax, %cs:code32 # Now we move the system to its rightful place ... but we check if we have a # big-kernel. In that case we *must* not move it ... testb $LOADED_HIGH, %cs:loadflags jz do_move0 # .. then we have a normal low # loaded zImage # .. or else we have a high # loaded bzImage jmp end_move # ... and we skip moving do_move0: movw $0x100, %ax # start of destination segment movw %cs, %bp # aka SETUPSEG subw $DELTA_INITSEG, %bp # aka INITSEG movw %cs:start_sys_seg, %bx # start of source segment cld do_move: movw %ax, %es # destination segment incb %ah # instead of add ax,#0x100 movw %bx, %ds # source segment addw $0x100, %bx subw %di, %di subw %si, %si movw $0x800, %cx rep movsw cmpw %bp, %bx # assume start_sys_seg > 0x200, # so we will perhaps read one # page more than needed, but # never overwrite INITSEG # because destination is a # minimum one page below source jb do_move end_move: # then we load the segment descriptors movw %cs, %ax # aka SETUPSEG movw %ax, %ds # If we have our code not at 0x90000, we need to move it there now. # We also then need to move the params behind it (commandline) # Because we would overwrite the code on the current IP, we move # it in two steps, jumping high after the first one. movw %cs, %ax cmpw $SETUPSEG, %ax je end_move_self cli # make sure we really have # interrupts disabled ! # because after this the stack # should not be used subw $DELTA_INITSEG, %ax # aka INITSEG movw %ss, %dx cmpw %ax, %dx jb move_self_1 addw $INITSEG, %dx subw %ax, %dx # this will go into %ss after # the move move_self_1: movw %ax, %ds movw $INITSEG, %ax # real INITSEG movw %ax, %es movw %cs:setup_move_size, %cx std # we have to move up, so we use # direction down because the # areas may overlap movw %cx, %di decw %di movw %di, %si subw $move_self_here+0x200, %cx rep movsb ljmp $SETUPSEG, $move_self_here move_self_here: movw $move_self_here+0x200, %cx rep movsb movw $SETUPSEG, %ax movw %ax, %ds movw %dx, %ss end_move_self: # now we are at the right place lidt idt_48 # load idt with 0,0 lgdt gdt_48 # load gdt with whatever is # appropriate # that was painless, now we enable a20 call empty_8042 movb $0xD1, %al # command write outb %al, $0x64 call empty_8042 movb $0xDF, %al # A20 on outb %al, $0x60 call empty_8042 # wait until a20 really *is* enabled; it can take a fair amount of # time on certain systems; Toshiba Tecras are known to have this # problem. The memory location used here (0x200) is the int 0x80 # vector, which should be safe to use. push %ds push %es xorw %ax, %ax # segment 0x0000 movw %ax, %fs decw %ax # segment 0xffff (HMA) movw %ax, %gs a20_wait: incw %ax # unused memory location <0xfff0 movw %ax, %fs:(0x200) # we use the "int 0x80" vector cmpw %gs:(0x210), %ax # and its corresponding HMA addr je a20_wait # loop until no longer aliased # make sure any possible coprocessor is properly reset.. xorw %ax, %ax outb %al, $0xf0 call delay outb %al, $0xf1 call delay # well, that went ok, I hope. Now we mask all interrupts - the rest # is done in init_IRQ(). movb $0xFF, %al # mask all interrupts for now outb %al, $0xA1 call delay movb $0xFB, %al # mask all irq's but irq2 which outb %al, $0x21 # is cascaded # Well, that certainly wasn't fun :-(. Hopefully it works, and we don't # need no steenking BIOS anyway (except for the initial loading :-). # The BIOS-routine wants lots of unnecessary data, and it's less # "interesting" anyway. This is how REAL programmers do it. # # Well, now's the time to actually move into protected mode. To make # things as simple as possible, we do no register set-up or anything, # we let the gnu-compiled 32-bit programs do that. We just jump to # absolute address 0x1000 (or the loader supplied one), # in 32-bit protected mode. # # Note that the short jump isn't strictly needed, although there are # reasons why it might be a good idea. It won't hurt in any case. movw $1, %ax # protected mode (PE) bit lmsw %ax # This is it! jmp flush_instr flush_instr: xorw %bx, %bx # Flag to indicate a boot # NOTE: For high loaded big kernels we need a # jmpi 0x100000,__KERNEL_CS # # but we yet haven't reloaded the CS register, so the default size # of the target offset still is 16 bit. # However, using an operant prefix (0x66), the CPU will properly # take our 48 bit far pointer. (INTeL 80386 Programmer's Reference # Manual, Mixing 16-bit and 32-bit code, page 16-6) .byte 0x66, 0xea # prefix + jmpi-opcode code32: .long 0x1000 # will be set to 0x100000 # for big kernels .word __KERNEL_CS # Here's a bunch of information about your current kernel.. kernel_version: .ascii UTS_RELEASE .ascii " (" .ascii LINUX_COMPILE_BY .ascii "@" .ascii LINUX_COMPILE_HOST .ascii ") " .ascii UTS_VERSION .byte 0 # This is the default real mode switch routine. # to be called just before protected mode transition default_switch: cli # no interrupts allowed ! movb $0x80, %al # disable NMI for bootup # sequence outb %al, $0x70 lret # This routine only gets called, if we get loaded by the simple # bootsect loader _and_ have a bzImage to load. # Because there is no place left in the 512 bytes of the boot sector, # we must emigrate to code space here. bootsect_helper: cmpw $0, %cs:bootsect_es jnz bootsect_second movb $0x20, %cs:type_of_loader movw %es, %ax shrw $4, %ax movb %ah, %cs:bootsect_src_base+2 movw %es, %ax movw %ax, %cs:bootsect_es subw $SYSSEG, %ax lret # nothing else to do for now bootsect_second: pushw %cx pushw %si pushw %bx testw %bx, %bx # 64K full? jne bootsect_ex movw $0x8000, %cx # full 64K, INT15 moves words pushw %cs popw %es movw $bootsect_gdt, %si movw $0x8700, %ax int $0x15 jc bootsect_panic # this, if INT15 fails movw %cs:bootsect_es, %es # we reset %es to always point incb %cs:bootsect_dst_base+2 # to 0x10000 bootsect_ex: movb %cs:bootsect_dst_base+2, %ah shlb $4, %ah # we now have the number of # moved frames in %ax xorb %al, %al popw %bx popw %si popw %cx lret bootsect_gdt: .word 0, 0, 0, 0 .word 0, 0, 0, 0 bootsect_src: .word 0xffff bootsect_src_base: .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x01 # base = 0x010000 .byte 0x93 # typbyte .word 0 # limit16,base24 =0 bootsect_dst: .word 0xffff bootsect_dst_base: .byte 0x00, 0x00, 0x10 # base = 0x100000 .byte 0x93 # typbyte .word 0 # limit16,base24 =0 .word 0, 0, 0, 0 # BIOS CS .word 0, 0, 0, 0 # BIOS DS bootsect_es: .word 0 bootsect_panic: pushw %cs popw %ds cld leaw bootsect_panic_mess, %si call prtstr bootsect_panic_loop: jmp bootsect_panic_loop bootsect_panic_mess: .string "INT15 refuses to access high mem, giving up." # This routine checks that the keyboard command queue is empty # (after emptying the output buffers) # # Some machines have delusions that the keyboard buffer is always full # with no keyboard attached... empty_8042: pushl %ecx movl $0x00FFFFFF, %ecx empty_8042_loop: decl %ecx jz empty_8042_end_loop call delay inb $0x64, %al # 8042 status port testb $1, %al # output buffer? jz no_output call delay inb $0x60, %al # read it jmp empty_8042_loop no_output: testb $2, %al # is input buffer full? jnz empty_8042_loop # yes - loop empty_8042_end_loop: popl %ecx ret # Read the cmos clock. Return the seconds in al gettime: pushw %cx movb $0x02, %ah int $0x1a movb %dh, %al # %dh contains the seconds andb $0x0f, %al movb %dh, %ah movb $0x04, %cl shrb %cl, %ah aad popw %cx ret # Delay is needed after doing I/O delay: jmp .+2 # jmp $+2 ret # Descriptor tables gdt: .word 0, 0, 0, 0 # dummy .word 0, 0, 0, 0 # unused .word 0xFFFF # 4Gb - (0x100000*0x1000 = 4Gb) .word 0 # base address = 0 .word 0x9A00 # code read/exec .word 0x00CF # granularity = 4096, 386 # (+5th nibble of limit) .word 0xFFFF # 4Gb - (0x100000*0x1000 = 4Gb) .word 0 # base address = 0 .word 0x9200 # data read/write .word 0x00CF # granularity = 4096, 386 # (+5th nibble of limit) idt_48: .word 0 # idt limit = 0 .word 0, 0 # idt base = 0L gdt_48: .word 0x8000 # gdt limit=2048, # 256 GDT entries .word 512+gdt, 0x9 # gdt base = 0X9xxxx # Include video setup & detection code #include "video.S" # Setup signature -- must be last setup_sig1: .word SIG1 setup_sig2: .word SIG2 # After this point, there is some free space which is used by the video mode # handling code to store the temporary mode table (not used by the kernel). modelist: .text endtext: .data enddata: .bss endbss: