1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
|
COMX drivers for the 2.2 kernel
Originally written by: Tivadar Szemethy, <tiv@itc.hu>
Currently maintained by: Gergely Madarasz <gorgo@itc.hu>
Last change: 21/06/1999.
INTRODUCTION
This document describes the software drivers and their use for the
COMX line of synchronous serial adapters for Linux version 2.2.0 and
above.
The cards are produced and sold by ITC-Pro Ltd. Budapest, Hungary
For further info contact <info@itc.hu>
or http://www.itc.hu (mostly in Hungarian).
The firmware files and software are available from ftp://ftp.itc.hu
Currently, the drivers support the following cards and protocols:
COMX (2x64 kbps intelligent board)
CMX (1x256 + 1x128 kbps intelligent board)
HiCOMX (2x2Mbps intelligent board)
LoCOMX (1x512 kbps passive board)
MixCOM (1x512 or 2x512kbps passive board with a hardware watchdog an
optional BRI interface and optional flashROM (1-32M))
At the moment of writing this document, the (Cisco)-HDLC, LAPB, SyncPPP and
Frame Relay (DTE, rfc1294 IP encapsulation with partially implemented Q933a
LMI) protocols are available as link-level protocol.
X.25 support is being worked on.
USAGE
Load the comx.o module and the hardware-specific and protocol-specific
modules you'll need into the running kernel using the insmod utility.
This creates the /proc/comx directory.
See the example scripts in the 'etc' directory.
/proc INTERFACE INTRO
The COMX driver set has a new type of user interface based on the /proc
filesystem which eliminates the need for external user-land software doing
IOCTL calls.
Each network interface or device (i.e. those ones you configure with 'ifconfig'
and 'route' etc.) has a corresponding directory under /proc/comx. You can
dynamically create a new interface by saying 'mkdir /proc/comx/comx0' (or you
can name it whatever you want up to 8 characters long, comx[n] is just a
convention).
Generally the files contained in these directories are text files, which can
be viewed by 'cat filename' and you can write a string to such a file by
saying 'echo _string_ >filename'. This is very similar to the sysctl interface.
Don't use a text editor to edit these files, always use 'echo' (or 'cat'
where appropriate).
When you've created the comx[n] directory, two files are created automagically
in it: 'boardtype' and 'protocol'. You have to fill in these files correctly
for your board and protocol you intend to use (see the board and protocol
descriptions in this file below or the example scripts in the 'etc' directory).
After filling in these files, other files will appear in the directory for
setting the various hardware- and protocol-related informations (for example
irq and io addresses, keepalive values etc.) These files are set to default
values upon creation, so you don't necessarily have to change all of them.
When you're ready with filling in the files in the comx[n] directory, you can
configure the corresponding network interface with the standard network
configuration utilities. If you're unable to bring the interfaces up, look up
the various kernel log files on your system, and consult the messages for
a probable reason.
EXAMPLE
To create the interface 'comx0' which is the first channel of a COMX card:
insmod comx
# insmod comx-hw-comx ; insmod comx-proto-hdlc (these are usually
autoloaded if you use the kernel module loader)
mkdir /proc/comx/comx0
echo comx >/proc/comx/comx0/boardtype
echo 0x360 >/proc/comx/comx0/io <- jumper-selectable I/O port
echo 0x0a >/proc/comx/comx0/irq <- jumper-selectable IRQ line
echo 0xd000 >/proc/comx/comx0/memaddr <- software-configurable memory
address. COMX uses 64 KB, and this
can be: 0xa000, 0xb000, 0xc000,
0xd000, 0xe000. Avoid conflicts
with other hardware.
cat </etc/siol1.rom >/proc/comx/comx0/firmware <- the firmware for the card
echo HDLC >/proc/comx/comx0/protocol <- the data-link protocol
echo 10 >/proc/comx/comx0/keepalive <- the keepalive for the protocol
ifconfig comx0 1.2.3.4 pointopoint 5.6.7.8 netmask 255.255.255.255 <-
finally configure it with ifconfig
Check its status:
cat /proc/comx/comx0/status
If you want to use the second channel of this board:
mkdir /proc/comx/comx1
echo comx >/proc/comx/comx1/boardtype
echo 0x360 >/proc/comx/comx1/io
echo 10 >/proc/comx/comx1/irq
echo 0xd000 >/proc/comx/comx1/memaddr
echo 1 >/proc/comx/comx1/channel <- channels are numbered
as 0 (default) and 1
Now, check if the driver recognized that you're going to use the other
channel of the same adapter:
cat /proc/comx/comx0/twin
comx1
cat /proc/comx/comx1/twin
comx0
You don't have to load the firmware twice, if you use both channels of
an adapter, just write it into the channel 0's /proc firmware file.
Default values: io 0x360 for COMX, 0x320 (HICOMX), irq 10, memaddr 0xd0000
THE LOCOMX HARDWARE DRIVER
The LoCOMX driver doesn't require firmware, and it doesn't use memory either,
but it uses DMA channels 1 and 3. You can set the clock rate (if enabled by
jumpers on the board) by writing the kbps value into the file named 'clock'.
Set it to 'external' (it is the default) if you have external clock source.
(Note: currently the LoCOMX driver does not support the internal clock)
THE COMX, CMX AND HICOMX DRIVERS
On the HICOMX, COMX and CMX, you have to load the firmware (it is different for
the three cards!). All these adapters can share the same memory
address (we usually use 0xd0000). On the CMX you can set the internal
clock rate (if enabled by jumpers on the small adapter boards) by writing
the kbps value into the 'clock' file. You have to do this before initializing
the card. If you use both HICOMX and CMX/COMX cards, initialize the HICOMX
first. The I/O address of the HICOMX board is not configurable by any
method available to the user: it is hardwired to 0x320, and if you have to
change it, consult ITC-Pro Ltd.
THE MIXCOM DRIVER
The MixCOM board doesn't require firmware, the driver communicates with
it through I/O ports. You can have three of these cards in one machine.
THE HDLC LINE PROTOCOL DRIVER
There's only one configurable parameter with this protocol: the 'keepalive'
value. You can set this in seconds or set to 'off'. Agree with the administrator
of your peer router on this setting. The default is 10 (seconds).
EXAMPLE
(setting up hw parameters, see above)
echo hdlc >/proc/comx/comx0/protocol
echo 10 >/proc/comx/comx0/keepalive <- not necessary, 10 is the default
ifconfig comx0 1.2.3.4 pointopoint 5.6.7.8 netmask 255.255.255.255
THE PPP LINE PROTOCOL DRIVER
To use this driver, you have to have ppp-2.3.4, and have a modified version of
pppd (this pppd will work as async pppd to, the modifiactions merely relax
some restricions in order to be able to use non-async lines too.
If configured, this driver can use Van Jacobson TCP header compression (you'll
need the slhc.o module for this).
Additionaly to use this protocol, enable async ppp in your kernel config, and
create the comx device special files in /dev. They're character special files
with major 88, and their names must be the same as their network interface
counterparts (i.e /dev/comx0 with minor 0 corresponds interface comx0 and so
on).
EXAMPLE
(setting up hw parameters, see above)
echo ppp >/proc/comx/comx0/protocol
ifconfig comx0 up
pppd comx0 1.2.3.4:5.6.7.8 persist <- with this option pppd won't exit
when the line goes down
THE LAPB LINE PROTOCOL DRIVER
For this, you'll need to configure LAPB support (See 'LAPB Data Link Driver' in
'Network options' section) into your kernel (thanks to Jonathan Naylor for his
excellent implementation).
comxlapb.o provides the following files in the appropriate directory
(the default values in parens): t1 (5), t2 (1), n2 (20), mode (DTE, STD) and
window (7). Agree with the administrator of your peer router on these
settings (most people use defaults, but you have to know if you are DTE or
DCE).
EXAMPLE
(setting up hw parameters, see above)
echo lapb >/proc/comx/comx0/protocol
echo dce >/proc/comx/comx0/mode <- DCE interface in this example
ifconfig comx0 1.2.3.4 pointopoint 5.6.7.8 netmask 255.255.255.255
THE FRAME RELAY PROTOCOL DRIVER
You DON'T need any other frame relay related modules from the kernel to use
COMX-Frame Relay. This protocol is a bit more complicated than the others,
because it allows to use 'subinterfaces' or DLCIs within one physical device.
First you have to create the 'master' device (the actual physical interface)
as you would do for other protocols. Specify 'frad' as protocol type.
Now you can bring this interface up by saying 'ifconfig comx0 up' (or whatever
you've named the interface). Do not assign any IP address to this interface
and do not set any routes through it.
Then, set up your DLCIs the following way: create a comx interface for each
DLCI you intend to use (with mkdir), and write 'dlci' to the 'boardtype' file,
and 'ietf-ip' to the 'protocol' file. Currently, the only supported
encapsulation type is this (also called as RFC1294/1490 IP encapsulation).
Write the DLCI number to the 'dlci' file, and write the name of the physical
COMX device to the file called 'master'.
Now you can assign an IP address to this interface and set routes using it.
See the example file for further info and example config script.
Notes: this driver implements a DTE interface with partially implemented
Q933a LMI.
You can find an extensively commented example in the 'etc' directory.
FURTHER /proc FILES
boardtype:
Type of the hardware. Valid values are:
'comx', 'hicomx', 'locomx', 'cmx'.
protocol:
Data-link protocol on this channel. Can be: HDLC, LAPB, PPP, FRAD
status:
You can read the channel's actual status from the 'status' file, for example
'cat /proc/comx/comx3/status'.
lineup_delay:
Interpreted in seconds (default is 1). Used to avoid line jitter: the system
will consider the line status 'UP' only if it is up for at least this number
of seconds.
debug:
You can set various debug options through this file. Valid options are:
'comx_events', 'comx_tx', 'comx_rx', 'hw_events', 'hw_tx', 'hw_rx'.
You can enable a debug options by writing its name prepended by a '+' into
the debug file, for example 'echo +comx_rx >comx0/debug'.
Disabling an option happens similarly, use the '-' prefix
(e.g. 'echo -hw_rx >debug').
Debug results can be read from the debug file, for example:
tail -f /proc/comx/comx2/debug
|
