path: root/drivers/net/skeleton.c

/* skeleton.c: A network driver outline for linux.
 *
 *	Written 1993-94 by Donald Becker.
 *
 *	Copyright 1993 United States Government as represented by the
 *	Director, National Security Agency.
 *
 *	This software may be used and distributed according to the terms
 *	of the GNU Public License, incorporated herein by reference.
 *
 *	The author may be reached as becker@CESDIS.gsfc.nasa.gov, or C/O
 *	Center of Excellence in Space Data and Information Sciences
 *	   Code 930.5, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt MD 20771
 *
 *	This file is an outline for writing a network device driver for the
 *	the Linux operating system.
 *
 *	To write (or understand) a driver, have a look at the "loopback.c" file to
 *	get a feel of what is going on, and then use the code below as a skeleton
 *	for the new driver.
 *
 */

static const char *version =
	"skeleton.c:v1.51 9/24/94 Donald Becker (becker@cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov)\n";

/*
 *  Sources:
 *	List your sources of programming information to document that
 *	the driver is your own creation, and give due credit to others
 *	that contributed to the work. Remember that GNU project code
 *	cannot use proprietary or trade secret information. Interface
 *	definitions are generally considered non-copyrightable to the
 *	extent that the same names and structures must be used to be
 *	compatible.
 *
 *	Finally, keep in mind that the Linux kernel is has an API, not
 *	ABI. Proprietary object-code-only distributions are not permitted
 *	under the GPL.
 */

#include <linux/module.h>

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/fcntl.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/ptrace.h>
#include <linux/ioport.h>
#include <linux/in.h>
#include <linux/malloc.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <asm/system.h>
#include <asm/bitops.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/dma.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/init.h>

#include <linux/netdevice.h>
#include <linux/etherdevice.h>
#include <linux/skbuff.h>

/*
 * The name of the card. Is used for messages and in the requests for
 * io regions, irqs and dma channels
 */
static const char* cardname = "netcard";

/* First, a few definitions that the brave might change. */

/* A zero-terminated list of I/O addresses to be probed. */
static unsigned int netcard_portlist[] __initdata =
   { 0x200, 0x240, 0x280, 0x2C0, 0x300, 0x320, 0x340, 0};

/* use 0 for production, 1 for verification, >2 for debug */
#ifndef NET_DEBUG
#define NET_DEBUG 2
#endif
static unsigned int net_debug = NET_DEBUG;

/* The number of low I/O ports used by the ethercard. */
#define NETCARD_IO_EXTENT	32

/* Information that need to be kept for each board. */
struct net_local {
	struct net_device_stats stats;
	long open_time;			/* Useless example local info. */
};

/* The station (ethernet) address prefix, used for IDing the board. */
#define SA_ADDR0 0x00
#define SA_ADDR1 0x42
#define SA_ADDR2 0x65

/* Index to functions, as function prototypes. */

extern int netcard_probe(struct device *dev);

static int	netcard_probe1(struct device *dev, int ioaddr);
static int	net_open(struct device *dev);
static int	net_send_packet(struct sk_buff *skb, struct device *dev);
static void	net_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id, struct pt_regs *regs);
static void	net_rx(struct device *dev);
static int	net_close(struct device *dev);
static struct	net_device_stats *net_get_stats(struct device *dev);
static void	set_multicast_list(struct device *dev);

/* Example routines you must write ;->. */
#define tx_done(dev) 1
extern void	hardware_send_packet(short ioaddr, char *buf, int length);
extern void 	chipset_init(struct device *dev, int startp);

/*
 * Check for a network adaptor of this type, and return '0' iff one exists.
 * If dev->base_addr == 0, probe all likely locations.
 * If dev->base_addr == 1, always return failure.
 * If dev->base_addr == 2, allocate space for the device and return success
 * (detachable devices only).
 */
#ifdef HAVE_DEVLIST
/*
 * Support for an alternate probe manager,
 * which will eliminate the boilerplate below.
 */
struct netdev_entry netcard_drv =
{cardname, netcard_probe1, NETCARD_IO_EXTENT, netcard_portlist};
#else
__initfunc(int
netcard_probe(struct device *dev))
{
	int i;
	int base_addr = dev ? dev->base_addr : 0;

	if (base_addr > 0x1ff)    /* Check a single specified location. */
		return netcard_probe1(dev, base_addr);
	else if (base_addr != 0)  /* Don't probe at all. */
		return -ENXIO;

	for (i = 0; netcard_portlist[i]; i++) {
		int ioaddr = netcard_portlist[i];
		if (check_region(ioaddr, NETCARD_IO_EXTENT))
			continue;
		if (netcard_probe1(dev, ioaddr) == 0)
			return 0;
	}

	return -ENODEV;
}
#endif

/*
 * This is the real probe routine. Linux has a history of friendly device
 * probes on the ISA bus. A good device probes avoids doing writes, and
 * verifies that the correct device exists and functions.
 */
__initfunc(static int netcard_probe1(struct device *dev, int ioaddr))
{
	static unsigned version_printed = 0;
	int i;

	/*
	 * For ethernet adaptors the first three octets of the station address 
	 * contains the manufacturer's unique code. That might be a good probe
	 * method. Ideally you would add additional checks.
	 */ 
	if (inb(ioaddr + 0) != SA_ADDR0
		||	 inb(ioaddr + 1) != SA_ADDR1
		||	 inb(ioaddr + 2) != SA_ADDR2) {
		return -ENODEV;
	}

	/* Allocate a new 'dev' if needed. */
	if (dev == NULL) {
		/*
		 * Don't allocate the private data here, it is done later
		 * This makes it easier to free the memory when this driver
		 * is used as a module.
		 */
		dev = init_etherdev(0, 0);
		if (dev == NULL)
			return -ENOMEM;
	}

	if (net_debug  &&  version_printed++ == 0)
		printk(KERN_DEBUG "%s", version);

	printk(KERN_INFO "%s: %s found at %#3x, ", dev->name, cardname, ioaddr);

	/* Fill in the 'dev' fields. */
	dev->base_addr = ioaddr;

	/* Retrieve and print the ethernet address. */
	for (i = 0; i < 6; i++)
		printk(" %2.2x", dev->dev_addr[i] = inb(ioaddr + i));

#ifdef jumpered_interrupts
	/*
	 * If this board has jumpered interrupts, allocate the interrupt
	 * vector now. There is no point in waiting since no other device
	 * can use the interrupt, and this marks the irq as busy. Jumpered
	 * interrupts are typically not reported by the boards, and we must
	 * used autoIRQ to find them.
	 */

	if (dev->irq == -1)
		;	/* Do nothing: a user-level program will set it. */
	else if (dev->irq < 2) {	/* "Auto-IRQ" */
		autoirq_setup(0);
		/* Trigger an interrupt here. */

		dev->irq = autoirq_report(0);
		if (net_debug >= 2)
			printk(" autoirq is %d", dev->irq);
	} else if (dev->irq == 2)
		/*
		 * Fixup for users that don't know that IRQ 2 is really
		 * IRQ9, or don't know which one to set.
		 */
		dev->irq = 9;

	{
		int irqval = request_irq(dev->irq, &net_interrupt, 0, cardname, NULL);
		if (irqval) {
			printk("%s: unable to get IRQ %d (irqval=%d).\n",
				   dev->name, dev->irq, irqval);
			return -EAGAIN;
		}
	}
#endif	/* jumpered interrupt */
#ifdef jumpered_dma
	/*
	 * If we use a jumpered DMA channel, that should be probed for and
	 * allocated here as well. See lance.c for an example.
	 */
	if (dev->dma == 0) {
		if (request_dma(dev->dma, cardname)) {
			printk("DMA %d allocation failed.\n", dev->dma);
			return -EAGAIN;
		} else
			printk(", assigned DMA %d.\n", dev->dma);
	} else {
		short dma_status, new_dma_status;

		/* Read the DMA channel status registers. */
		dma_status = ((inb(DMA1_STAT_REG) >> 4) & 0x0f) |
			(inb(DMA2_STAT_REG) & 0xf0);
		/* Trigger a DMA request, perhaps pause a bit. */
		outw(0x1234, ioaddr + 8);
		/* Re-read the DMA status registers. */
		new_dma_status = ((inb(DMA1_STAT_REG) >> 4) & 0x0f) |
			(inb(DMA2_STAT_REG) & 0xf0);
		/*
		 * Eliminate the old and floating requests,
		 * and DMA4 the cascade.
		 */
		new_dma_status ^= dma_status;
		new_dma_status &= ~0x10;
		for (i = 7; i > 0; i--)
			if (test_bit(i, &new_dma_status)) {
				dev->dma = i;
				break;
			}
		if (i <= 0) {
			printk("DMA probe failed.\n");
			return -EAGAIN;
		} 
		if (request_dma(dev->dma, cardname)) {
			printk("probed DMA %d allocation failed.\n", dev->dma);
			return -EAGAIN;
		}
	}
#endif	/* jumpered DMA */

	/* Initialize the device structure. */
	if (dev->priv == NULL) {
		dev->priv = kmalloc(sizeof(struct net_local), GFP_KERNEL);
		if (dev->priv == NULL)
			return -ENOMEM;
	}

	memset(dev->priv, 0, sizeof(struct net_local));

	/* Grab the region so that no one else tries to probe our ioports. */
	request_region(ioaddr, NETCARD_IO_EXTENT, cardname);

	dev->open		= net_open;
	dev->stop		= net_close;
	dev->hard_start_xmit	= net_send_packet;
	dev->get_stats		= net_get_stats;
	dev->set_multicast_list = &set_multicast_list;

	/* Fill in the fields of the device structure with ethernet values. */
	ether_setup(dev);

	return 0;
}

/*
 * Open/initialize the board. This is called (in the current kernel)
 * sometime after booting when the 'ifconfig' program is run.
 *
 * This routine should set everything up anew at each open, even
 * registers that "should" only need to be set once at boot, so that
 * there is non-reboot way to recover if something goes wrong.
 */
static int
net_open(struct device *dev)
{
	struct net_local *lp = (struct net_local *)dev->priv;
	int ioaddr = dev->base_addr;
	/*
	 * This is used if the interrupt line can turned off (shared).
	 * See 3c503.c for an example of selecting the IRQ at config-time.
	 */
	if (request_irq(dev->irq, &net_interrupt, 0, cardname, NULL)) {
		return -EAGAIN;
	}
	/*
	 * Always allocate the DMA channel after the IRQ,
	 * and clean up on failure.
	 */
	if (request_dma(dev->dma, cardname)) {
		free_irq(dev->irq, NULL);
		return -EAGAIN;
	}
	irq2dev_map[dev->irq] = dev;

	/* Reset the hardware here. Don't forget to set the station address. */
	/*chipset_init(dev, 1);*/
	outb(0x00, ioaddr);
	lp->open_time = jiffies;

	dev->tbusy = 0;
	dev->interrupt = 0;
	dev->start = 1;

	MOD_INC_USE_COUNT;

	return 0;
}

static int net_send_packet(struct sk_buff *skb, struct device *dev)
{
	struct net_local *lp = (struct net_local *)dev->priv;
	int ioaddr = dev->base_addr;

	if (dev->tbusy) {
		/*
		 * If we get here, some higher level has decided we are broken.
		 * There should really be a "kick me" function call instead.
		 */
		int tickssofar = jiffies - dev->trans_start;
		if (tickssofar < 5)
			return 1;
		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: transmit timed out, %s?\n", dev->name,
			   tx_done(dev) ? "IRQ conflict" : "network cable problem");
		/* Try to restart the adaptor. */
		chipset_init(dev, 1);
		dev->tbusy=0;
		dev->trans_start = jiffies;
	}

	/*
	 * Block a timer-based transmit from overlapping. This could better be
	 * done with atomic_swap(1, dev->tbusy), but set_bit() works as well.
	 */
	if (test_and_set_bit(0, (void*)&dev->tbusy) != 0)
		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: Transmitter access conflict.\n", dev->name);
	else {
		short length = ETH_ZLEN < skb->len ? skb->len : ETH_ZLEN;
		unsigned char *buf = skb->data;
		lp->stats.tx_bytes+=skb->len;
		hardware_send_packet(ioaddr, buf, length);
		dev->trans_start = jiffies;
	}
	dev_kfree_skb (skb, FREE_WRITE);

	/* You might need to clean up and record Tx statistics here. */
	if (inw(ioaddr) == /*RU*/81)
		lp->stats.tx_aborted_errors++;

	return 0;
}

/*
 * The typical workload of the driver:
 *   Handle the network interface interrupts.
 */
static void net_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id, struct pt_regs * regs)
{
	struct device *dev = (struct device *)(irq2dev_map[irq]);
	struct net_local *lp;
	int ioaddr, status, boguscount = 0;

	if (dev == NULL) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: irq %d for unknown device.\n", cardname, irq);
		return;
	}
	dev->interrupt = 1;

	ioaddr = dev->base_addr;
	lp = (struct net_local *)dev->priv;
	status = inw(ioaddr + 0);

	do {
		if (status /*& RX_INTR*/) {
			/* Got a packet(s). */
			net_rx(dev);
		}
		if (status /*& TX_INTR*/) {
			lp->stats.tx_packets++;
			dev->tbusy = 0;
			mark_bh(NET_BH);	/* Inform upper layers. */
		}
		if (status /*& COUNTERS_INTR*/) {
			/* Increment the appropriate 'localstats' field. */
			lp->stats.tx_window_errors++;
		}
	} while (++boguscount < 20) ;

	dev->interrupt = 0;
	return;
}

/* We have a good packet(s), get it/them out of the buffers. */
static void
net_rx(struct device *dev)
{
	struct net_local *lp = (struct net_local *)dev->priv;
	int ioaddr = dev->base_addr;
	int boguscount = 10;

	do {
		int status = inw(ioaddr);
		int pkt_len = inw(ioaddr);
	  
		if (pkt_len == 0)		/* Read all the frames? */
			break;			/* Done for now */

		if (status & 0x40) {	/* There was an error. */
			lp->stats.rx_errors++;
			if (status & 0x20) lp->stats.rx_frame_errors++;
			if (status & 0x10) lp->stats.rx_over_errors++;
			if (status & 0x08) lp->stats.rx_crc_errors++;
			if (status & 0x04) lp->stats.rx_fifo_errors++;
		} else {
			/* Malloc up new buffer. */
			struct sk_buff *skb;

			lp->stats.rx_bytes+=pkt_len;
			
			skb = dev_alloc_skb(pkt_len);
			if (skb == NULL) {
				printk(KERN_NOTICE "%s: Memory squeeze, dropping packet.\n",
					   dev->name);
				lp->stats.rx_dropped++;
				break;
			}
			skb->dev = dev;

			/* 'skb->data' points to the start of sk_buff data area. */
			memcpy(skb_put(skb,pkt_len), (void*)dev->rmem_start,
				   pkt_len);
			/* or */
			insw(ioaddr, skb->data, (pkt_len + 1) >> 1);

			netif_rx(skb);
			lp->stats.rx_packets++;
		}
	} while (--boguscount);

	/*
	 * If any worth-while packets have been received, dev_rint()
	 * has done a mark_bh(NET_BH) for us and will work on them
	 * when we get to the bottom-half routine.
	 */
	return;
}

/* The inverse routine to net_open(). */
static int
net_close(struct device *dev)
{
	struct net_local *lp = (struct net_local *)dev->priv;
	int ioaddr = dev->base_addr;

	lp->open_time = 0;

	dev->tbusy = 1;
	dev->start = 0;

	/* Flush the Tx and disable Rx here. */

	disable_dma(dev->dma);

	/* If not IRQ or DMA jumpered, free up the line. */
	outw(0x00, ioaddr+0);	/* Release the physical interrupt line. */

	free_irq(dev->irq, NULL);
	free_dma(dev->dma);

	irq2dev_map[dev->irq] = 0;

	/* Update the statistics here. */

	MOD_DEC_USE_COUNT;

	return 0;

}

/*
 * Get the current statistics.
 * This may be called with the card open or closed.
 */
static struct net_device_stats *net_get_stats(struct device *dev)
{
	struct net_local *lp = (struct net_local *)dev->priv;
	short ioaddr = dev->base_addr;

	cli();
	/* Update the statistics from the device registers. */
	lp->stats.rx_missed_errors = inw(ioaddr+1);
	sti();

	return &lp->stats;
}

/*
 * Set or clear the multicast filter for this adaptor.
 * num_addrs == -1	Promiscuous mode, receive all packets
 * num_addrs == 0	Normal mode, clear multicast list
 * num_addrs > 0	Multicast mode, receive normal and MC packets,
 *			and do best-effort filtering.
 */
static void
set_multicast_list(struct device *dev)
{
	short ioaddr = dev->base_addr;
	if (dev->flags&IFF_PROMISC)
	{
		/* Enable promiscuous mode */
		outw(MULTICAST|PROMISC, ioaddr);
	}
	else if((dev->flags&IFF_ALLMULTI) || dev->mc_count > HW_MAX_ADDRS)
	{
		/* Disable promiscuous mode, use normal mode. */
		hardware_set_filter(NULL);

		outw(MULTICAST, ioaddr);
	}
	else if(dev->mc_count)
	{
		/* Walk the address list, and load the filter */
		hardware_set_filter(dev->mc_list);

		outw(MULTICAST, ioaddr);
	}
	else 
		outw(0, ioaddr);
}

#ifdef MODULE

static char devicename[9] = { 0, };
static struct device this_device = {
	devicename, /* will be inserted by linux/drivers/net/net_init.c */
	0, 0, 0, 0,
	0, 0,  /* I/O address, IRQ */
	0, 0, 0, NULL, netcard_probe };

static int io = 0x300;
static int irq = 0;
static int dma = 0;
static int mem = 0;

int init_module(void)
{
	int result;

	if (io == 0)
		printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: You shouldn't use auto-probing with insmod!\n",
			   cardname);

	/* Copy the parameters from insmod into the device structure. */
	this_device.base_addr = io;
	this_device.irq       = irq;
	this_device.dma       = dma;
	this_device.mem_start = mem;

	if ((result = register_netdev(&this_device)) != 0)
		return result;

	return 0;
}

void
cleanup_module(void)
{
	/* No need to check MOD_IN_USE, as sys_delete_module() checks. */
	unregister_netdev(&this_device);
	/*
	 * If we don't do this, we can't re-insmod it later.
	 * Release irq/dma here, when you have jumpered versions and
	 * allocate them in net_probe1().
	 */
	/*
	   free_irq(this_device.irq, NULL);
	   free_dma(this_device.dma);
	*/
	release_region(this_device.base_addr, NETCARD_IO_EXTENT);

	if (this_device.priv)
		kfree_s(this_device.priv, sizeof(struct net_local));
}

#endif /* MODULE */

/*
 * Local variables:
 *  compile-command:
 *	gcc -D__KERNEL__ -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -Wwrite-strings
 *	-Wredundant-decls -O2 -m486 -c skeleton.c
 *  version-control: t
 *  kept-new-versions: 5
 *  tab-width: 4
 *  c-indent-level: 4
 * End:
 */