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authorRalf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>1998-08-25 09:12:35 +0000
committerRalf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>1998-08-25 09:12:35 +0000
commitc7fc24dc4420057f103afe8fc64524ebc25c5d37 (patch)
tree3682407a599b8f9f03fc096298134cafba1c9b2f /Documentation/devices.txt
parent1d793fade8b063fde3cf275bf1a5c2d381292cd9 (diff)
o Merge with Linux 2.1.116.
o New Newport console code. o New G364 console code.
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/devices.txt')
-rw-r--r--Documentation/devices.txt295
1 files changed, 230 insertions, 65 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/devices.txt b/Documentation/devices.txt
index 2242044f6..d91a44323 100644
--- a/Documentation/devices.txt
+++ b/Documentation/devices.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
LINUX ALLOCATED DEVICES
Maintained by H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
- Last revised: February 17, 1998
+ Last revised: August 10, 1998
This list is the Linux Device List, the official registry of allocated
device numbers and /dev directory nodes for the Linux operating
@@ -92,10 +92,10 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
* the fifth letter is one of 0123456789abcdef indicating
the position within the series.
- In the future, it is likely that the PTY master
- multiplex (/dev/ptmx) device will be used to acquire a
- PTY on demand. If so, the actual PTY masters will be
- unnamed devices.
+ These are the old-style (BSD) PTY devices; Unix98
+ devices are on major 128 and above and use the PTY
+ master multiplex (/dev/ptmx) to acquire a PTY on
+ demand.
block Floppy disks
0 = /dev/fd0 First floppy disk autodetect
@@ -156,8 +156,8 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
...
255 = /dev/ttyef 256th PTY slave
- In the future, Linux may adopt the Unix98 naming
- scheme (/dev/pts/0, /dev/pts/1, ...)
+ These are the old-style (BSD) PTY devices; Unix98
+ devices are on major 136 and above.
block First MFM, RLL and IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
0 = /dev/hda Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
@@ -184,19 +184,16 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
64 = /dev/ttyS0 First serial port
...
127 = /dev/ttyS63 64th serial port
- 128 = /dev/ptyp0 First old pseudo-tty master
+ 128 = /dev/ptyp0 OBSOLETE
...
- 191 = /dev/ptysf 64th old pseudo-tty master
- 192 = /dev/ttyp0 First old pseudo-tty slave
+ 191 = /dev/ptysf OBSOLETE
+ 192 = /dev/ttyp0 OBSOLETE
...
- 255 = /dev/ttysf 64th old pseudo-tty slave
+ 255 = /dev/ttysf OBSOLETE
- For compatibility with previous versions of Linux, the
- first 64 PTYs are replicated under this device number.
- This use is deprecated with the release of Linux 2.0
- and may be removed in a future version of Linux. To
- ensure proper operation, do not mix old and new PTY
- devices.
+ Older versions of the Linux kernel used this major
+ number for BSD PTY devices. As of Linux 2.1.115, this
+ is no longer supported. Use major numbers 2 and 3.
5 char Alternate TTY devices
0 = /dev/tty Current TTY device
@@ -240,7 +237,7 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
associated with block devices. The binding to the
loopback devices is handled by mount(8) or losetup(8).
- 8 block SCSI disk devices
+ 8 block SCSI disk devices (0-15)
0 = /dev/sda First SCSI disk whole disk
16 = /dev/sdb Second SCSI disk whole disk
32 = /dev/sdc Third SCSI disk whole disk
@@ -310,9 +307,6 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
133 = /dev/exttrp External device trap
134 = /dev/apm_bios Advanced Power Management BIOS
135 = /dev/rtc Real Time Clock
- 136 = /dev/qcam0 QuickCam on lp0
- 137 = /dev/qcam1 QuickCam on lp1
- 138 = /dev/qcam2 QuickCam on lp2
139 = /dev/openprom SPARC OpenBoot PROM
140 = /dev/relay8 Berkshire Products Octal relay card
141 = /dev/relay16 Berkshire Products ISO-16 relay card
@@ -326,7 +320,8 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
149 = /dev/input/mouse Linux/SGI Irix emulation mouse
150 = /dev/input/keyboard Linux/SGI Irix emulation keyboard
151 = /dev/led Front panel LEDs
- 152 = /dev/radio Radio card (type?)
+ 153 = /dev/mergemem Memory merge device
+ 154 = /dev/pmu Macintosh PowerBook power manager
11 char Raw keyboard device
0 = /dev/kbd Raw keyboard device
@@ -457,6 +452,14 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
the system and is counter to standard Linux
device-naming practice.
+ block Acorn MFM hard drive interface
+ 0 = /dev/mfma First MFM drive whole disk
+ 64 = /dev/mfmb Second MFM drive whole disk
+
+ This device is used on the ARM-based Acorn RiscPC.
+ Partitions are handled the same way as for IDE disks
+ (see major number 3).
+
22 char Digiboard serial card
0 = /dev/ttyD0 First Digiboard port
1 = /dev/ttyD1 Second Digiboard port
@@ -576,28 +579,11 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
29 char Universal frame buffer
0 = /dev/fb0 First frame buffer
- 1 = /dev/fb0autodetect
- 24 = /dev/fb0user0
- ...
- 31 = /dev/fb0user7
32 = /dev/fb1 Second frame buffer
- 33 = /dev/fb1autodetect
- 56 = /dev/fb1user0
- ...
- 63 = /dev/fb1user7
-
- The universal frame buffer device is currently only
- supported on Linux/68k and Linux/SPARC. The plain
- device accesses the frame buffer at current resolution
- (Linux/68k calls this device "current",
- e.g. /dev/fb0current); the "autodetect" one at bootup
- (default) resolution. Minor numbers 2-23 within each
- frame buffer assignment are used for specific
- device-dependent resolutions. There appears to be no
- standard naming for these devices. Finally, 2-31
- within each device are reserved for user-selected
- modes, usually entered at boot time. Currently only
- Linux/68k uses the mode-specific devices.
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/fb7 Eighth frame buffer
+
+ All additional minor numbers are reserved.
block Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes CD-ROM
0 = /dev/aztcd Aztech CD-ROM
@@ -611,8 +597,9 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
2 = /dev/inet/udp Network access
2 = /dev/inet/tcp Network access
- iBCS-2 requires /dev/nfsd to be a link to
- /dev/socksys, and /dev/X0R to be a link to /dev/null.
+ Additionally, iBCS-2 requires /dev/nfsd to be a link
+ to /dev/socksys, and /dev/X0R to be a link to
+ /dev/null.
block Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM
0 = /dev/cm205cd Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM
@@ -691,6 +678,8 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
129 = /dev/smpte1 Second MIDI port, SMPTE timed
130 = /dev/smpte2 Third MIDI port, SMPTE timed
131 = /dev/smpte3 Fourth MIDI port, SMPTE timed
+ block Slow memory ramdisk
+ 0 = /dev/slram Slow memory ramdisk
36 char Netlink support
0 = /dev/route Routing, device updates, kernel to user
@@ -918,15 +907,30 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
Additional devices will be added to this number, all
starting with /dev/adb.
+ block Fifth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
+ 0 = /dev/hdi Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
+ 64 = /dev/hdj Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
+
+ Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
+ interface (see major number 3).
+
57 char Hayes ESP serial card
0 = /dev/ttyP0 First ESP port
1 = /dev/ttyP1 Second ESP port
...
+ block Sixth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
+ 0 = /dev/hdk Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
+ 64 = /dev/hdl Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
+
+ Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
+ interface (see major number 3).
+
58 char Hayes ESP serial card - alternate devices
0 = /dev/cup0 Callout device corresponding to ttyP0
1 = /dev/cup1 Callout device corresponding to ttyP1
...
+ block Reserved for logical volume manager
59 char sf firewall package
0 = /dev/firewall Communication with sf kernel module
@@ -960,16 +964,49 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
This is a commercial driver; contact James Howes
<jth@prosig.demon.co.uk> for information.
+ block SCSI disk devices (16-31)
+ 0 = /dev/sdq 16th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/sdr 17th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 32 = /dev/sds 18th SCSI disk whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/sdaf 32nd SCSI disk whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
66 char YARC PowerPC PCI coprocessor card
0 = /dev/yppcpci0 First YARC card
1 = /dev/yppcpci1 Second YARC card
...
+ block SCSI disk devices (32-47)
+ 0 = /dev/sdag 33th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/sdah 34th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 32 = /dev/sdai 35th SCSI disk whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/sdav 48nd SCSI disk whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
67 char Coda network file system
0 = /dev/cfs0 Coda cache manager
See http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu for information about Coda.
+ block SCSI disk devices (48-63)
+ 0 = /dev/sdaw 49th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/sdax 50th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 32 = /dev/sday 51st SCSI disk whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/sdbl 64th SCSI disk whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
68 char CAPI 2.0 interface
0 = /dev/capi20 Control device
1 = /dev/capi20.00 First CAPI 2.0 application
@@ -980,9 +1017,31 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
ISDN CAPI 2.0 driver for use with CAPI 2.0
applications; currently supports the AVM B1 card.
+ block SCSI disk devices (64-79)
+ 0 = /dev/sdbm 64th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/sdbn 65th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 32 = /dev/sdbo 66th SCSI disk whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/sdcb 80th SCSI disk whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
69 char MA16 numeric accelerator card
0 = /dev/ma16 Board memory access
+ block SCSI disk devices (80-95)
+ 0 = /dev/sdcc 81st SCSI disk whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/sdcd 82nd SCSI disk whole disk
+ 32 = /dev/sdce 83th SCSI disk whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/sdcr 96th SCSI disk whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
70 char SpellCaster Protocol Services Interface
0 = /dev/apscfg Configuration interface
1 = /dev/apsauth Authentication interface
@@ -992,6 +1051,17 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
65 = /dev/apsasync Async command interface
128 = /dev/apsmon Monitor interface
+ block SCSI disk devices (96-111)
+ 0 = /dev/sdcs 97th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/sdct 98th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 32 = /dev/sdcu 99th SCSI disk whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/sddh 112nd SCSI disk whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
71 char Computone IntelliPort II serial card
0 = /dev/ttyF0 IntelliPort II board 0, port 0
1 = /dev/ttyF1 IntelliPort II board 0, port 1
@@ -1010,6 +1080,17 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
...
255 = /dev/ttyF255 IntelliPort II board 3, port 63
+ block SCSI disk devices (112-127)
+ 0 = /dev/sddi 113th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 16 = /dev/sddj 114th SCSI disk whole disk
+ 32 = /dev/sddk 115th SCSI disk whole disk
+ ...
+ 240 = /dev/sddx 128th SCSI disk whole disk
+
+ Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
+ disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
+ partitions is 15.
+
72 char Computone IntelliPort II serial card - alternate devices
0 = /dev/cuf0 Callout device corresponding to ttyF0
1 = /dev/cuf1 Callout device corresponding to ttyF1
@@ -1076,16 +1157,19 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
80 char Photometrics AT200 CCD camera
0 = /dev/at200 Photometrics AT200 CCD camera
- 81 char Brooktree Bt848 frame grabbers
- 0 = /dev/bttv0 First Bt848 card
- 1 = /dev/bttv1 Second Bt848 card
+ 81 char video4linux
+ 0 = /dev/video0 Video capture/overlay device
...
- 16 = /dev/bttvc0 Control for first Bt848 card
- 17 = /dev/bttvc1 Control for second Bt848 card
+ 63 = /dev/video63 Video capture/overlay device
+ 64 = /dev/radio0 Radio device
...
- 32 = /dev/bttv-vbi0 VBI data of first Bt848 card
- 33 = /dev/bttv-vbi1 VBI data of second Bt848 card
+ 127 = /dev/radio63 Radio device
+ 192 = /dev/vtx0 Teletext device
...
+ 223 = /dev/vtx31 Teletext device
+ 224 = /dev/vbi0 Vertical blank interrupt
+ ...
+ 255 = /dev/vbi31 Vertical blank interrupt
82 char WiNRADiO communications receiver card
0 = /dev/winradio0 First WiNRADiO card
@@ -1191,16 +1275,91 @@ Your cooperation is appreciated.
See http://stm.lbl.gov/comedi or http://www.llp.fu-berlin.de/.
- 99-119 UNALLOCATED
+ 99 char Raw parallel ports
+ 0 = /dev/parport0 First parallel port
+ 1 = /dev/parport1 Second parallel port
+ ...
+
+100 char POTS (analogue telephone) A/B port
+ 0 = /dev/phone0 First telephone port
+ 1 = /dev/phone1 Second telephone port
+ ...
+
+101 char Motorola DSP 56xxx board
+ 0 = /dev/mdspstat Status information
+ 1 = /dev/mdsp1 First DSP board I/O controls
+ ...
+ 16 = /dev/mdsp16 16th DSP board I/O controls
+
+102 char Philips SAA5249 Teletext signal decoder
+ 0 = /dev/tlk0 First Teletext decoder
+ 1 = /dev/tlk1 Second Teletext decoder
+ 2 = /dev/tlk2 Third Teletext decoder
+ 3 = /dev/tlk3 Fourth Teletext decoder
+
+103 char Arla network file system
+ 0 = /dev/xfs0 Arla XFS
+
+ Arla is a free clone of the Andrew File System, AFS.
+ Any resemblance with the Swedish milk producer is
+ coincidental. For more information about the project,
+ write to <arla-drinkers@stacken.kth.se> or subscribe
+ to the arla announce mailing list by sending a mail to
+ <arla-announce-request@stacken.kth.se>.
+
+104 char Flash BIOS support
+
+105 char Comtrol VS-1000 serial controller
+ 0 = /dev/ttyV0 First VS-1000 port
+ 1 = /dev/ttyV1 Second VS-1000 port
+ ...
+
+106 char Comtrol VS-1000 serial controller - alternate devices
+ 0 = /dev/cuv0 First VS-1000 port
+ 1 = /dev/cuv1 Second VS-1000 port
+ ...
+
+107 char 3Dfx Voodoo Graphics device
+ 0 = /dev/3dfx Primary 3Dfx graphics device
+
+108 char Device independent PPP interface
+ 0 = /dev/ppp Device independent PPP interface
+
+109 char Reserved for logical volume manager
+
+110 char miroMEDIA Surround board
+ 0 = /dev/srnd0 First miroMEDIA Surround board
+ 1 = /dev/srnd1 Second miroMEDIA Surround board
+ ...
+
+111-119 UNALLOCATED
120-127 LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
-128-239 UNALLOCATED
+128-135 char Unix98 PTY masters
+
+ These devices should not have corresponding device
+ nodes; instead they should be accessed through the
+ /dev/ptmx cloning interface.
+
+136-143 char Unix98 PTY slaves
+ 0 = /dev/pts/0 First Unix98 pseudo-TTY
+ 1 = /dev/pts/1 Second Unix98 pesudo-TTY
+
+ These device nodes are automatically generated with
+ the proper permissions and modes by mounting the
+ devpts filesystem onto /dev/pts with the appropriate
+ mount options (distribution dependent).
+
+144-239 UNALLOCATED
240-254 LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
255 RESERVED
+ This major is reserved to assist the expansion to a
+ larger number space. No device nodes with this major
+ should ever be created on the filesystem.
**** ADDITIONAL /dev DIRECTORY ENTRIES
@@ -1231,9 +1390,10 @@ It is recommended that these links exist on all systems:
/dev/core /proc/kcore symbolic Backward compatibility
/dev/ramdisk ram0 symbolic Backward compatibility
/dev/ftape qft0 symbolic Backward compatibility
+/dev/bttv0 video0 symbolic Backward compatibility
+/dev/radio radio0 symbolic Backward compatibility
/dev/scd? sr? hard Alternate SCSI CD-ROM name
-
Locally defined links
The following links may be established locally to conform to the
@@ -1252,8 +1412,8 @@ exist, they should have the following uses.
/dev/modem should not be used for a modem which supports dialin as
well as dialout, as it tends to cause lock file problems. If it
-exists, /dev/modem should point to the appropriate dialout (alternate)
-device.
+exists, /dev/modem should point to the appropriate primary TTY device
+(the use of the alternate callout devices is deprecated).
For SCSI devices, /dev/tape and /dev/cdrom should point to the
``cooked'' devices (/dev/st* and /dev/sr*, respectively), whereas
@@ -1299,7 +1459,7 @@ monitor. Virtual consoles are named /dev/tty#, with numbering
starting at /dev/tty1; /dev/tty0 is the current virtual console.
/dev/tty0 is the device that should be used to access the system video
card on those architectures for which the frame buffer devices
-(/dev/fb*) do not exist (including the x86). Do not use /dev/console
+(/dev/fb*) are not applicable. Do not use /dev/console
for this purpose.
The console device, /dev/console, is the device to which system
@@ -1321,15 +1481,16 @@ letter X, the names of the devices are /dev/ttyX# and /dev/cux#,
respectively; for historical reasons, /dev/ttyS# and /dev/ttyC#
correspond to /dev/cua# and /dev/cub#. In the future, it should be
expected that multiple letters will be used; all letters will be upper
-case for the "tty" device and lower case for the "cu" device.
+case for the "tty" device (e.g. /dev/ttyDP#) and lower case for the
+"cu" device (e.g. /dev/cudp#).
The names /dev/ttyQ# and /dev/cuq# are reserved for local use.
The alternate devices provide for kernel-based exclusion and somewhat
different defaults than the primary devices. Their main purpose is to
allow the use of serial ports with programs with no inherent or broken
-support for serial ports. For programs with proper knowledge of
-serial port operation, their use should probably be avoided.
+support for serial ports. Their use is deprecated, and they may be
+removed from a future version of Linux.
Arbitration of serial ports is provided by the use of lock files with
the names /var/lock/LCK..ttyX#. The contents of the lock file should
@@ -1370,7 +1531,11 @@ can be used in the same manner as any TTY device. The master and
slave devices are connected by the kernel, generating the equivalent
of a bidirectional pipe with TTY capabilities.
-The entire namespace /dev/[pt]ty[p-za-o][0-9a-z] should be considered
-reserved for the future use of PTYs. Should more than 936 PTYs ever
-become a necessity, we will likely adopt a System V-like scheme by
-which PTYs use a subdirectory of /dev.
+Recent versions of the Linux kernels and GNU libc contain support for
+the System V/Unix98 naming scheme for PTYs, which assigns a common
+device, /dev/ptmx, to all the masters (opening it will automatically
+give you a previously unassigned PTY) and a subdirectory, /dev/pts,
+for the slaves; the slaves are named with decimal integers (/dev/pts/#
+in our notation). This removes the problem of exhausting the
+namespace and enables the kernel to automatically create the device
+nodes for the slaves on demand using the "devpts" filesystem.