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|
/*
* NFTL mount code with extensive checks
*
* Author: Fabrice Bellard (fabrice.bellard@netgem.com)
* Copyright (C) 2000 Netgem S.A.
*
* $Id: nftlmount.c,v 1.11 2000/11/17 12:24:09 ollie Exp $
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
*/
#include <linux/config.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <asm/errno.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/pci.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/malloc.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/mtd/mtd.h>
#include <linux/mtd/nftl.h>
#include <linux/mtd/compatmac.h>
#define SECTORSIZE 512
/* find_boot_record: Find the NFTL Media Header and its Spare copy which contains the
* various device information of the NFTL partition and Bad Unit Table. Update
* the ReplUnitTable[] table accroding to the Bad Unit Table. ReplUnitTable[]
* is used for management of Erase Unit in other routines in nftl.c and nftlmount.c
*/
static int find_boot_record(struct NFTLrecord *nftl)
{
struct nftl_uci1 h1;
struct nftl_oob oob;
unsigned int block, boot_record_count;
int retlen;
u8 buf[SECTORSIZE];
struct NFTLMediaHeader *mh = &nftl->MediaHdr;
nftl->MediaUnit = BLOCK_NIL;
nftl->SpareMediaUnit = BLOCK_NIL;
boot_record_count = 0;
/* search for a valid boot record */
for (block = 0; block < nftl->nb_blocks; block++) {
unsigned int erase_mark;
/* read ANAND header. To be safer with BIOS, also use erase mark as discriminant */
if (MTD_READOOB(nftl->mtd, block * nftl->EraseSize + SECTORSIZE + 8,
8, &retlen, (char *)&h1) < 0)
continue;
erase_mark = le16_to_cpu ((h1.EraseMark | h1.EraseMark1));
if (erase_mark != ERASE_MARK)
continue;
if (MTD_READECC(nftl->mtd, block * nftl->EraseSize, SECTORSIZE,
&retlen, buf, (char *)&oob) < 0)
continue;
memcpy(mh, buf, sizeof(struct NFTLMediaHeader));
if (memcmp(mh->DataOrgID, "ANAND", 6) == 0) {
/* first boot record */
if (boot_record_count == 0) {
unsigned int i;
/* header found : read the bad block table data */
if (mh->UnitSizeFactor != 0xff) {
printk("Sorry, we don't support UnitSizeFactor "
"of != 1 yet\n");
goto ReplUnitTable;
}
nftl->nb_boot_blocks = le16_to_cpu(mh->FirstPhysicalEUN);
if ((nftl->nb_boot_blocks + 2) >= nftl->nb_blocks)
goto ReplUnitTable; /* small consistency check */
nftl->numvunits = le32_to_cpu(mh->FormattedSize) / nftl->EraseSize;
if (nftl->numvunits > (nftl->nb_blocks - nftl->nb_boot_blocks - 2))
goto ReplUnitTable; /* small consistency check */
/* FixMe: with bad blocks, the total size available is not FormattedSize any
more !!! */
nftl->nr_sects = nftl->numvunits * (nftl->EraseSize / SECTORSIZE);
nftl->MediaUnit = block;
/* read the Bad Erase Unit Table and modify ReplUnitTable[] accordingly */
for (i = 0; i < nftl->nb_blocks; i++) {
if ((i & (SECTORSIZE - 1)) == 0) {
/* read one sector for every SECTORSIZE of blocks */
if (MTD_READECC(nftl->mtd, block * nftl->EraseSize +
i + SECTORSIZE, SECTORSIZE,
&retlen, buf, (char *)&oob) < 0)
goto ReplUnitTable;
}
/* mark the Bad Erase Unit as RESERVED in ReplUnitTable */
if (buf[i & (SECTORSIZE - 1)] != 0xff)
nftl->ReplUnitTable[i] = BLOCK_RESERVED;
}
boot_record_count++;
} else if (boot_record_count == 1) {
nftl->SpareMediaUnit = block;
boot_record_count++;
break;
}
}
ReplUnitTable:
}
if (boot_record_count == 0) {
/* no boot record found */
return -1;
} else {
return 0;
}
}
static int memcmpb(void *a, int c, int n)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (c != ((unsigned char *)a)[i])
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
/* check_free_sector: check if a free sector is actually FREE, i.e. All 0xff in data and oob area */
static int check_free_sectors(struct NFTLrecord *nftl, unsigned int address, int len,
int check_oob)
{
int i, retlen;
u8 buf[SECTORSIZE];
for (i = 0; i < len; i += SECTORSIZE) {
/* we want to read the sector without ECC check here since a free
sector does not have ECC syndrome on it yet */
if (MTD_READ(nftl->mtd, address, SECTORSIZE, &retlen, buf) < 0)
return -1;
if (memcmpb(buf, 0xff, SECTORSIZE) != 0)
return -1;
if (check_oob) {
if (MTD_READOOB(nftl->mtd, address, nftl->mtd->oobsize,
&retlen, buf) < 0)
return -1;
if (memcmpb(buf, 0xff, nftl->mtd->oobsize) != 0)
return -1;
}
address += SECTORSIZE;
}
return 0;
}
/* NFTL_format: format a Erase Unit by erasing ALL Erase Zones in the Erase Unit and
* Update NFTL metadata. Each erase operation is checked with check_free_sectors
*
* Return: 0 when succeed, -1 on error.
*
* ToDo: 1. Is it neceressary to check_free_sector after erasing ??
* 2. UnitSizeFactor != 0xFF
*/
int NFTL_formatblock(struct NFTLrecord *nftl, int block)
{
int retlen;
unsigned int nb_erases, erase_mark;
struct nftl_uci1 uci;
struct erase_info *instr = &nftl->instr;
/* Read the Unit Control Information #1 for Wear-Leveling */
if (MTD_READOOB(nftl->mtd, block * nftl->EraseSize + SECTORSIZE + 8,
8, &retlen, (char *)&uci) < 0)
goto default_uci1;
erase_mark = le16_to_cpu ((uci.EraseMark | uci.EraseMark1));
if (erase_mark != ERASE_MARK) {
default_uci1:
uci.EraseMark = cpu_to_le16(ERASE_MARK);
uci.EraseMark1 = cpu_to_le16(ERASE_MARK);
uci.WearInfo = cpu_to_le32(0);
}
memset(instr, 0, sizeof(struct erase_info));
/* XXX: use async erase interface, XXX: test return code */
instr->addr = block * nftl->EraseSize;
instr->len = nftl->EraseSize;
MTD_ERASE(nftl->mtd, instr);
if (instr->state == MTD_ERASE_FAILED) {
/* could not format, FixMe: We should update the BadUnitTable
both in memory and on disk */
printk("Error while formatting block %d\n", block);
return -1;
} else {
/* increase and write Wear-Leveling info */
nb_erases = le32_to_cpu(uci.WearInfo);
nb_erases++;
/* wrap (almost impossible with current flashs) or free block */
if (nb_erases == 0)
nb_erases = 1;
/* check the "freeness" of Erase Unit before updating metadata
* FixMe: is this check really necessary ? since we have check the
* return code after the erase operation. */
if (check_free_sectors(nftl, instr->addr, nftl->EraseSize, 1) != 0)
return -1;
uci.WearInfo = le32_to_cpu(nb_erases);
if (MTD_WRITEOOB(nftl->mtd, block * nftl->EraseSize + SECTORSIZE + 8, 8,
&retlen, (char *)&uci) < 0)
return -1;
return 0;
}
}
/* check_sectors_in_chain: Check that each sector of a Virtual Unit Chain is correct.
* Mark as 'IGNORE' each incorrect sector. This check is only done if the chain
* was being folded when NFTL was interrupted.
*
* The check_free_sectors in this function is neceressary. There is a possible
* situation that after writing the Data area, the Block Control Information is
* not updated according (due to power failure or something) which leaves the block
* in an umconsistent state. So we have to check if a block is really FREE in this
* case. */
static void check_sectors_in_chain(struct NFTLrecord *nftl, unsigned int first_block)
{
unsigned int block, i, status;
struct nftl_bci bci;
int sectors_per_block, retlen;
sectors_per_block = nftl->EraseSize / SECTORSIZE;
block = first_block;
for (;;) {
for (i = 0; i < sectors_per_block; i++) {
if (MTD_READOOB(nftl->mtd, block * nftl->EraseSize + i * SECTORSIZE,
8, &retlen, (char *)&bci) < 0)
status = SECTOR_IGNORE;
else
status = bci.Status | bci.Status1;
switch(status) {
case SECTOR_FREE:
/* verify that the sector is really free. If not, mark
as ignore */
if (memcmpb(&bci, 0xff, 8) != 0 ||
check_free_sectors(nftl, block * nftl->EraseSize + i * SECTORSIZE,
SECTORSIZE, 0) != 0) {
printk("Incorrect free sector %d in block %d: "
"marking it as ignored\n",
i, block);
/* sector not free actually : mark it as SECTOR_IGNORE */
bci.Status = SECTOR_IGNORE;
bci.Status1 = SECTOR_IGNORE;
MTD_WRITEOOB(nftl->mtd,
block * nftl->EraseSize + i * SECTORSIZE,
8, &retlen, (char *)&bci);
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
/* proceed to next Erase Unit on the chain */
block = nftl->ReplUnitTable[block];
if (!(block == BLOCK_NIL || block < nftl->nb_blocks))
printk("incorrect ReplUnitTable[] : %d\n", block);
if (block == BLOCK_NIL || block >= nftl->nb_blocks)
break;
}
}
/* calc_chain_lenght: Walk through a Virtual Unit Chain and estimate chain length */
static int calc_chain_length(struct NFTLrecord *nftl, unsigned int first_block)
{
unsigned int length = 0, block = first_block;
for (;;) {
length++;
/* avoid infinite loops, although this is guaranted not to
happen because of the previous checks */
if (length >= nftl->nb_blocks) {
printk("nftl: length too long %d !\n", length);
break;
}
block = nftl->ReplUnitTable[block];
if (!(block == BLOCK_NIL || block < nftl->nb_blocks))
printk("incorrect ReplUnitTable[] : %d\n", block);
if (block == BLOCK_NIL || block >= nftl->nb_blocks)
break;
}
return length;
}
/* format_chain: Format an invalid Virtual Unit chain. It frees all the Erase Units in a
* Virtual Unit Chain, i.e. all the units are disconnected.
*
* It is not stricly correct to begin from the first block of the chain because
* if we stop the code, we may see again a valid chain if there was a first_block
* flag in a block inside it. But is it really a problem ?
*
* FixMe: Figure out what the last statesment means. What if power failure when we are
* in the for (;;) loop formatting blocks ??
*/
static void format_chain(struct NFTLrecord *nftl, unsigned int first_block)
{
unsigned int block = first_block, block1;
printk("Formatting chain at block %d\n", first_block);
for (;;) {
block1 = nftl->ReplUnitTable[block];
printk("Formatting block %d\n", block);
if (NFTL_formatblock(nftl, block) < 0) {
/* cannot format !!!! Mark it as Bad Unit,
FixMe: update the BadUnitTable on disk */
nftl->ReplUnitTable[block] = BLOCK_RESERVED;
} else {
nftl->ReplUnitTable[block] = BLOCK_FREE;
}
/* goto next block on the chain */
block = block1;
if (!(block == BLOCK_NIL || block < nftl->nb_blocks))
printk("incorrect ReplUnitTable[] : %d\n", block);
if (block == BLOCK_NIL || block >= nftl->nb_blocks)
break;
}
}
/* check_and_mark_free_block: Verify that a block is free in the NFTL sense (valid erase mark) or
* totally free (only 0xff).
*
* Definition: Free Erase Unit -- A properly erased/formatted Free Erase Unit should have meet the
* following critia:
* 1. */
static int check_and_mark_free_block(struct NFTLrecord *nftl, int block)
{
struct nftl_uci1 h1;
unsigned int erase_mark;
int i, retlen;
unsigned char buf[SECTORSIZE];
/* check erase mark. */
if (MTD_READOOB(nftl->mtd, block * nftl->EraseSize + SECTORSIZE + 8, 8,
&retlen, (char *)&h1) < 0)
return -1;
erase_mark = le16_to_cpu ((h1.EraseMark | h1.EraseMark1));
if (erase_mark != ERASE_MARK) {
/* if no erase mark, the block must be totally free. This is
possible in two cases : empty filsystem or interrupted erase (very unlikely) */
if (check_free_sectors (nftl, block * nftl->EraseSize, nftl->EraseSize, 1) != 0)
return -1;
/* free block : write erase mark */
h1.EraseMark = cpu_to_le16(ERASE_MARK);
h1.EraseMark1 = cpu_to_le16(ERASE_MARK);
h1.WearInfo = cpu_to_le32(0);
if (MTD_WRITEOOB(nftl->mtd, block * nftl->EraseSize + SECTORSIZE + 8, 8,
&retlen, (char *)&h1) < 0)
return -1;
} else {
#if 0
/* if erase mark present, need to skip it when doing check */
for (i = 0; i < nftl->EraseSize; i += SECTORSIZE) {
/* check free sector */
if (check_free_sectors (nftl, block * nftl->EraseSize + i,
SECTORSIZE, 0) != 0)
return -1;
if (MTD_READOOB(nftl->mtd, block * nftl->EraseSize + i,
16, &retlen, buf) < 0)
return -1;
if (i == SECTORSIZE) {
/* skip erase mark */
if (memcmpb(buf, 0xff, 8))
return -1;
} else {
if (memcmpb(buf, 0xff, 16))
return -1;
}
}
#endif
}
return 0;
}
/* get_fold_mark: Read fold mark from Unit Control Information #2, we use FOLD_MARK_IN_PROGRESS
* to indicate that we are in the progression of a Virtual Unit Chain folding. If the UCI #2
* is FOLD_MARK_IN_PROGRESS when mounting the NFTL, the (previous) folding process is interrupted
* for some reason. A clean up/check of the VUC is neceressary in this case.
*
* WARNING: return 0 if read error
*/
static int get_fold_mark(struct NFTLrecord *nftl, unsigned int block)
{
struct nftl_uci2 uci;
int retlen;
if (MTD_READOOB(nftl->mtd, block * nftl->EraseSize + 2 * SECTORSIZE + 8,
8, &retlen, (char *)&uci) < 0)
return 0;
return le16_to_cpu((uci.FoldMark | uci.FoldMark1));
}
int NFTL_mount(struct NFTLrecord *s)
{
int i;
unsigned int first_logical_block, logical_block, rep_block, nb_erases, erase_mark;
unsigned int block, first_block, is_first_block;
int chain_length, do_format_chain;
struct nftl_uci0 h0;
struct nftl_uci1 h1;
int retlen;
/* XXX: will be suppressed */
s->lastEUN = s->nb_blocks - 1;
/* memory alloc */
s->EUNtable = kmalloc(s->nb_blocks * sizeof(u16), GFP_KERNEL);
s->ReplUnitTable = kmalloc(s->nb_blocks * sizeof(u16), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!s->EUNtable || !s->ReplUnitTable) {
fail:
if (s->EUNtable)
kfree(s->EUNtable);
if (s->ReplUnitTable)
kfree(s->ReplUnitTable);
return -1;
}
/* mark all blocks as potentially containing data */
for (i = 0; i < s->nb_blocks; i++) {
s->ReplUnitTable[i] = BLOCK_NOTEXPLORED;
}
/* search for NFTL MediaHeader and Spare NFTL Media Header */
if (find_boot_record(s) < 0) {
printk("Could not find valid boot record\n");
goto fail;
}
/* mark the bios blocks (blocks before NFTL MediaHeader) as reserved */
for (i = 0; i < s->nb_boot_blocks; i++)
s->ReplUnitTable[i] = BLOCK_RESERVED;
/* also mark the boot records (NFTL MediaHeader) blocks as reserved */
if (s->MediaUnit != BLOCK_NIL)
s->ReplUnitTable[s->MediaUnit] = BLOCK_RESERVED;
if (s->SpareMediaUnit != BLOCK_NIL)
s->ReplUnitTable[s->SpareMediaUnit] = BLOCK_RESERVED;
/* init the logical to physical table */
for (i = 0; i < s->nb_blocks; i++) {
s->EUNtable[i] = BLOCK_NIL;
}
/* first pass : explore each block chain */
first_logical_block = 0;
for (first_block = 0; first_block < s->nb_blocks; first_block++) {
/* if the block was not already explored, we can look at it */
if (s->ReplUnitTable[first_block] == BLOCK_NOTEXPLORED) {
block = first_block;
chain_length = 0;
do_format_chain = 0;
for (;;) {
/* read the block header. If error, we format the chain */
if (MTD_READOOB(s->mtd, block * s->EraseSize + 8, 8,
&retlen, (char *)&h0) < 0 ||
MTD_READOOB(s->mtd, block * s->EraseSize + SECTORSIZE + 8, 8,
&retlen, (char *)&h1) < 0) {
s->ReplUnitTable[block] = BLOCK_NIL;
do_format_chain = 1;
break;
}
logical_block = le16_to_cpu ((h0.VirtUnitNum | h0.SpareVirtUnitNum));
rep_block = le16_to_cpu ((h0.ReplUnitNum | h0.SpareReplUnitNum));
nb_erases = le32_to_cpu (h1.WearInfo);
erase_mark = le16_to_cpu ((h1.EraseMark | h1.EraseMark1));
is_first_block = !(logical_block >> 15);
logical_block = logical_block & 0x7fff;
/* invalid/free block test */
if (erase_mark != ERASE_MARK || logical_block >= s->nb_blocks) {
if (chain_length == 0) {
/* if not currently in a chain, we can handle it safely */
if (check_and_mark_free_block(s, block) < 0) {
/* not really free: format it */
printk("Formatting block %d\n", block);
if (NFTL_formatblock(s, block) < 0) {
/* could not format: reserve the block */
s->ReplUnitTable[block] = BLOCK_RESERVED;
} else {
s->ReplUnitTable[block] = BLOCK_FREE;
}
} else {
/* free block: mark it */
s->ReplUnitTable[block] = BLOCK_FREE;
}
/* directly examine the next block. */
goto examine_ReplUnitTable;
} else {
/* the block was in a chain : this is bad. We
must format all the chain */
printk("Block %d: free but referenced in chain %d\n",
block, first_block);
s->ReplUnitTable[block] = BLOCK_NIL;
do_format_chain = 1;
break;
}
}
/* we accept only first blocks here */
if (chain_length == 0) {
/* this block is not the first block in chain :
ignore it, it will be included in a chain
later, or marked as not explored */
if (!is_first_block)
goto examine_ReplUnitTable;
first_logical_block = logical_block;
} else {
if (logical_block != first_logical_block) {
printk("Block %d: incorrect logical block: %d expected: %d\n",
block, logical_block, first_logical_block);
/* the chain is incorrect : we must format it,
but we need to read it completly */
do_format_chain = 1;
}
if (is_first_block) {
/* we accept that a block is marked as first
block while being last block in a chain
only if the chain is being folded */
if (get_fold_mark(s, block) != FOLD_MARK_IN_PROGRESS ||
rep_block != 0xffff) {
printk("Block %d: incorrectly marked as first block in chain\n",
block);
/* the chain is incorrect : we must format it,
but we need to read it completly */
do_format_chain = 1;
} else {
printk("Block %d: folding in progress - ignoring first block flag\n",
block);
}
}
}
chain_length++;
if (rep_block == 0xffff) {
/* no more blocks after */
s->ReplUnitTable[block] = BLOCK_NIL;
break;
} else if (rep_block >= s->nb_blocks) {
printk("Block %d: referencing invalid block %d\n",
block, rep_block);
do_format_chain = 1;
s->ReplUnitTable[block] = BLOCK_NIL;
break;
} else if (s->ReplUnitTable[rep_block] != BLOCK_NOTEXPLORED) {
/* same problem as previous 'is_first_block' test:
we accept that the last block of a chain has
the first_block flag set if folding is in
progress. We handle here the case where the
last block appeared first */
if (s->ReplUnitTable[rep_block] == BLOCK_NIL &&
s->EUNtable[first_logical_block] == rep_block &&
get_fold_mark(s, first_block) == FOLD_MARK_IN_PROGRESS) {
/* EUNtable[] will be set after */
printk("Block %d: folding in progress - ignoring first block flag\n",
rep_block);
s->ReplUnitTable[block] = rep_block;
s->EUNtable[first_logical_block] = BLOCK_NIL;
} else {
printk("Block %d: referencing block %d already in another chain\n",
block, rep_block);
/* XXX: should handle correctly fold in progress chains */
do_format_chain = 1;
s->ReplUnitTable[block] = BLOCK_NIL;
}
break;
} else {
/* this is OK */
s->ReplUnitTable[block] = rep_block;
block = rep_block;
}
}
/* the chain was completely explored. Now we can decide
what to do with it */
if (do_format_chain) {
/* invalid chain : format it */
format_chain(s, first_block);
} else {
unsigned int first_block1, chain_to_format, chain_length1;
int fold_mark;
/* valid chain : get foldmark */
fold_mark = get_fold_mark(s, first_block);
if (fold_mark == 0) {
/* cannot get foldmark : format the chain */
printk("Could read foldmark at block %d\n", first_block);
format_chain(s, first_block);
} else {
if (fold_mark == FOLD_MARK_IN_PROGRESS)
check_sectors_in_chain(s, first_block);
/* now handle the case where we find two chains at the
same virtual address : we select the longer one,
because the shorter one is the one which was being
folded if the folding was not done in place */
first_block1 = s->EUNtable[first_logical_block];
if (first_block1 != BLOCK_NIL) {
/* XXX: what to do if same length ? */
chain_length1 = calc_chain_length(s, first_block1);
printk("Two chains at blocks %d (len=%d) and %d (len=%d)\n",
first_block1, chain_length1, first_block, chain_length);
if (chain_length >= chain_length1) {
chain_to_format = first_block1;
s->EUNtable[first_logical_block] = first_block;
} else {
chain_to_format = first_block;
}
format_chain(s, chain_to_format);
} else {
s->EUNtable[first_logical_block] = first_block;
}
}
}
}
examine_ReplUnitTable:
}
/* second pass to format unreferenced blocks and init free block count */
s->numfreeEUNs = 0;
s->LastFreeEUN = BLOCK_NIL;
for (block = 0; block < s->nb_blocks; block++) {
if (s->ReplUnitTable[block] == BLOCK_NOTEXPLORED) {
printk("Unreferenced block %d, formatting it\n", block);
if (NFTL_formatblock(s, block) < 0)
s->ReplUnitTable[block] = BLOCK_RESERVED;
else
s->ReplUnitTable[block] = BLOCK_FREE;
}
if (s->ReplUnitTable[block] == BLOCK_FREE) {
s->numfreeEUNs++;
s->LastFreeEUN = block;
}
}
return 0;
}
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