path: root/fs/reiserfs/inode.c

/*
 * Copyright 2000 by Hans Reiser, licensing governed by reiserfs/README
 */
#ifdef __KERNEL__

#include <linux/config.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/reiserfs_fs.h>
#include <linux/locks.h>
#include <linux/smp_lock.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>

#else

#include "nokernel.h"

#endif

/* args for the create parameter of reiserfs_get_block */
#define GET_BLOCK_NO_CREATE 0 /* don't create new blocks or convert tails */
#define GET_BLOCK_CREATE 1    /* add anything you need to find block */
#define GET_BLOCK_NO_HOLE 2   /* return -ENOENT for file holes */
#define GET_BLOCK_READ_DIRECT 4  /* read the tail if indirect item not found */

//
// initially this function was derived from minix or ext2's analog and
// evolved as the prototype did
//
void reiserfs_delete_inode (struct inode * inode)
{
    int jbegin_count = JOURNAL_PER_BALANCE_CNT * 2; 
    int windex ;
    struct reiserfs_transaction_handle th ;

  
    lock_kernel() ; 

    /* The = 0 happens when we abort creating a new inode for some reason like lack of space.. */
    if (INODE_PKEY(inode)->k_objectid != 0) { /* also handles bad_inode case */
	down (&inode->i_sem); 

	journal_begin(&th, inode->i_sb, jbegin_count) ;
	windex = push_journal_writer("delete_inode") ;

	reiserfs_delete_object (&th, inode);
	reiserfs_remove_page_from_flush_list(&th, inode) ;
	pop_journal_writer(windex) ;
	reiserfs_release_objectid (&th, inode->i_ino);

	journal_end(&th, inode->i_sb, jbegin_count) ;

	up (&inode->i_sem); 
    } else {
	/* no object items are in the tree */
	;
    }
    clear_inode (inode); /* note this must go after the journal_end to prevent deadlock */
    unlock_kernel() ;
}

static void _make_cpu_key (struct cpu_key * key, int version, __u32 dirid, __u32 objectid, 
			   loff_t offset, int type, int length)
{
  key->version = version;

  key->on_disk_key.k_dir_id = dirid;
  key->on_disk_key.k_objectid = objectid;
  set_cpu_key_k_offset (key, offset);
  set_cpu_key_k_type (key, type);  
  key->key_length = length;
}


/* take base of inode_key (it comes from inode always) (dirid, objectid) and version from an inode, set
   offset and type of key */
void make_cpu_key (struct cpu_key * key, const struct inode * inode, loff_t offset,
		   int type, int length)
{
  _make_cpu_key (key, inode_items_version (inode), le32_to_cpu (INODE_PKEY (inode)->k_dir_id),
					  le32_to_cpu (INODE_PKEY (inode)->k_objectid), 
		 offset, type, length);
}


//
// when key is 0, do not set version and short key
//
inline void make_le_item_head (struct item_head * ih, struct cpu_key * key, int version,
			       loff_t offset, int type, int length, int entry_count/*or ih_free_space*/)
{
    if (key) {
	ih->ih_key.k_dir_id = cpu_to_le32 (key->on_disk_key.k_dir_id);
	ih->ih_key.k_objectid = cpu_to_le32 (key->on_disk_key.k_objectid);
    }
    ih->ih_version = cpu_to_le16 (version);
    set_le_ih_k_offset (ih, offset);
    set_le_ih_k_type (ih, type);
    ih->ih_item_len = cpu_to_le16 (length);
    /*    set_ih_free_space (ih, 0);*/
    // for directory items it is entry count, for directs and stat
    // datas - 0xffff, for indirects - 0
    ih->u.ih_entry_count = cpu_to_le16 (entry_count);
}


//
// FIXME: we might cache recently accessed indirect item (or at least
// first 15 pointers just like ext2 does

// Ugh.  Not too eager for that....
//  I cut the code until such time as I see a convincing argument (benchmark).
// I don't want a bloated inode struct..., and I don't like code complexity....

/* cutting the code is fine, since it really isn't in use yet and is easy
** to add back in.  But, Vladimir has a really good idea here.  Think
** about what happens for reading a file.  For each page,
** The VFS layer calls reiserfs_readpage, who searches the tree to find
** an indirect item.  This indirect item has X number of pointers, where
** X is a big number if we've done the block allocation right.  But,
** we only use one or two of these pointers during each call to readpage,
** needlessly researching again later on.
**
** The size of the cache could be dynamic based on the size of the file.
**
** I'd also like to see us cache the location the stat data item, since
** we are needlessly researching for that frequently.
**
** --chris
*/

/* people who call journal_begin with a page locked must call this
** BEFORE calling journal_begin
*/
static int prevent_flush_page_lock(struct page *page, 
				   struct inode *inode) {
  struct reiserfs_page_list *pl ;
  struct super_block *s = inode->i_sb ;
  /* we don't care if the inode has a stale pointer from an old
  ** transaction
  */
  if(!page || inode->u.reiserfs_i.i_conversion_trans_id != SB_JOURNAL(s)->j_trans_id) {
    return 0 ;
  }
  pl = inode->u.reiserfs_i.i_converted_page ;
  if (pl && pl->page == page) {
    pl->do_not_lock = 1 ;
  }
  /* this last part is really important.  The address space operations have
  ** the page locked before they call the journal functions.  So it is possible
  ** for one process to be waiting in flush_pages_before_commit for a 
  ** page, then for the process with the page locked to call journal_begin.
  **
  ** We'll deadlock because the process flushing pages will never notice
  ** the process with the page locked has called prevent_flush_page_lock.
  ** So, we wake up the page waiters, even though the page is still locked.
  ** The process waiting in flush_pages_before_commit must check the
  ** pl->do_not_lock flag, and stop trying to lock the page.
  */
  wake_up(&page->wait) ;
  return 0 ;
 
}
/* people who call journal_end with a page locked must call this
** AFTER calling journal_end
*/
static int allow_flush_page_lock(struct page *page, 
				   struct inode *inode) {

  struct reiserfs_page_list *pl ;
  struct super_block *s = inode->i_sb ;
  /* we don't care if the inode has a stale pointer from an old
  ** transaction
  */
  if(!page || inode->u.reiserfs_i.i_conversion_trans_id != SB_JOURNAL(s)->j_trans_id) {
    return 0 ;
  }
  pl = inode->u.reiserfs_i.i_converted_page ;
  if (pl && pl->page == page) {
    pl->do_not_lock = 0 ;
  }
  return 0 ;
 
}

/* If this page has a file tail in it, and
** it was read in by get_block_create_0, the page data is valid,
** but tail is still sitting in a direct item, and we can't write to
** it.  So, look through this page, and check all the mapped buffers
** to make sure they have valid block numbers.  Any that don't need
** to be unmapped, so that block_prepare_write will correctly call
** reiserfs_get_block to convert the tail into an unformatted node
*/
static inline void fix_tail_page_for_writing(struct page *page) {
    struct buffer_head *head, *next, *bh ;

    if (page && page->buffers) {
	head = page->buffers ;
	bh = head ;
	do {
	    next = bh->b_this_page ;
	    if (buffer_mapped(bh) && bh->b_blocknr == 0) {
	        reiserfs_unmap_buffer(bh) ;
	    }
	    bh = next ;
	} while (bh != head) ;
    }
}




/* we need to allocate a block for new unformatted node.  Try to figure out
   what point in bitmap reiserfs_new_blocknrs should start from. */
static b_blocknr_t find_tag (struct buffer_head * bh, struct item_head * ih,
			     __u32 * item, int pos_in_item)
{
  if (!is_indirect_le_ih (ih))
	 /* something more complicated could be here */
	 return bh->b_blocknr;

  /* for indirect item: go to left and look for the first non-hole entry in
	  the indirect item */
  if (pos_in_item == I_UNFM_NUM (ih))
	 pos_in_item --;
  while (pos_in_item >= 0) {
	 if (item [pos_in_item])
		return item [pos_in_item];
	 pos_in_item --;
  }
  return bh->b_blocknr;
}


/* reiserfs_get_block does not need to allocate a block only if it has been
   done already or non-hole position has been found in the indirect item */
static inline int allocation_needed (int retval, b_blocknr_t allocated, 
				     struct item_head * ih,
				     __u32 * item, int pos_in_item)
{
  if (allocated)
	 return 0;
  if (retval == POSITION_FOUND && is_indirect_le_ih (ih) && item[pos_in_item])
	 return 0;
  return 1;
}

static inline int indirect_item_found (int retval, struct item_head * ih)
{
  return (retval == POSITION_FOUND) && is_indirect_le_ih (ih);
}


static inline void set_block_dev_mapped (struct buffer_head * bh, 
					 b_blocknr_t block, struct inode * inode)
{
  bh->b_dev = inode->i_dev;
  bh->b_blocknr = block;
  bh->b_state |= (1UL << BH_Mapped);
}


//
// files which were created in the earlier version can not be longer,
// than 2 gb
//
int file_capable (struct inode * inode, long block)
{
    if (inode_items_version (inode) != ITEM_VERSION_1 || // it is new file.
	block < (1 << (31 - inode->i_sb->s_blocksize_bits))) // old file, but 'block' is inside of 2gb
	return 1;

    return 0;
}

/*static*/ void restart_transaction(struct reiserfs_transaction_handle *th,
				struct inode *inode, struct path *path) {
  struct super_block *s = th->t_super ;
  int len = th->t_blocks_allocated ;

  pathrelse(path) ;
  reiserfs_update_sd(th, inode) ;
  journal_end(th, s, len) ;
  journal_begin(th, s, len) ;
}

// it is called by get_block when create == 0. Returns block number
// for 'block'-th logical block of file. When it hits direct item it
// returns 0 (being called from bmap) or read direct item into piece
// of page (bh_result)

// Please improve the english/clarity in the comment above, as it is
// hard to understand.

static int _get_block_create_0 (struct inode * inode, long block,
				 struct buffer_head * bh_result,
				 int args)
{
    INITIALIZE_PATH (path);
    struct cpu_key key;
    struct buffer_head * bh;
    struct item_head * ih, tmp_ih;
    int fs_gen ;
    int blocknr;
    char * p = NULL;
    int chars;
    int ret ;
    unsigned long offset ;

    // prepare the key to look for the 'block'-th block of file
    make_cpu_key (&key, inode,
		  (loff_t)block * inode->i_sb->s_blocksize + 1, TYPE_ANY, 3);

research:
    if (search_for_position_by_key (inode->i_sb, &key, &path) != POSITION_FOUND) {
	pathrelse (&path);
        if (p)
            kunmap(bh_result->b_page) ;
	if ((args & GET_BLOCK_NO_HOLE)) {
	    return -ENOENT ;
	}
        return 0 ;
    }
    
    //
    bh = get_bh (&path);
    ih = get_ih (&path);
    if (is_indirect_le_ih (ih)) {
	__u32 * ind_item = (__u32 *)B_I_PITEM (bh, ih);
	
	/* FIXME: here we could cache indirect item or part of it in
	   the inode to avoid search_by_key in case of subsequent
	   access to file */
	blocknr = le32_to_cpu (ind_item [path.pos_in_item]);
	ret = 0 ;
	if (blocknr) {
	    bh_result->b_dev = inode->i_dev;
	    bh_result->b_blocknr = blocknr;
	    bh_result->b_state |= (1UL << BH_Mapped);
	} else if ((args & GET_BLOCK_NO_HOLE)) {
	    ret = -ENOENT ;
	}
	pathrelse (&path);
        if (p)
            kunmap(bh_result->b_page) ;
	return ret ;
    }

    // requested data are in direct item(s)
    if (!(args & GET_BLOCK_READ_DIRECT)) {
	// we are called by bmap. FIXME: we can not map block of file
	// when it is stored in direct item(s)
	pathrelse (&path);	
        if (p)
            kunmap(bh_result->b_page) ;
	return -ENOENT;
    }

    // read file tail into part of page
    offset = (cpu_key_k_offset(&key) - 1) & (PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - 1) ;
    fs_gen = get_generation(inode->i_sb) ;
    copy_item_head (&tmp_ih, ih);

    /* we only want to kmap if we are reading the tail into the page.
    ** this is not the common case, so we don't kmap until we are
    ** sure we need to.  But, this means the item might move if
    ** kmap schedules
    */
    p = (char *)kmap(bh_result->b_page) ;
    if (fs_changed (fs_gen, inode->i_sb) && item_moved (&tmp_ih, &path)) {
        goto research;
    }
    p += offset ;
    memset (p, 0, inode->i_sb->s_blocksize);
    do {
	if (!is_direct_le_ih (ih)) {
	    BUG ();
        }
	chars = le16_to_cpu (ih->ih_item_len) - path.pos_in_item;
	memcpy (p, B_I_PITEM (bh, ih) + path.pos_in_item, chars);
	p += chars;

	if (PATH_LAST_POSITION (&path) != (B_NR_ITEMS (bh) - 1))
	    // we done, if read direct item is not the last item of
	    // node FIXME: we could try to check right delimiting key
	    // to see whether direct item continues in the right
	    // neighbor or rely on i_size
	    break;

	// update key to look for the next piece
	set_cpu_key_k_offset (&key, cpu_key_k_offset (&key) + chars);
	if (search_for_position_by_key (inode->i_sb, &key, &path) != POSITION_FOUND)
	    // we read something from tail, even if now we got IO_ERROR
	    break;
	bh = get_bh (&path);
	ih = get_ih (&path);
    } while (1);

    pathrelse (&path);
    
    // FIXME: b_blocknr == 0 here. but b_data contains correct data
    // from tail. ll_rw_block will skip uptodate buffers
    bh_result->b_blocknr = 0 ;
    bh_result->b_dev = inode->i_dev;
    mark_buffer_uptodate (bh_result, 1);
    bh_result->b_state |= (1UL << BH_Mapped);
    kunmap(bh_result->b_page) ;

    return 0;
}


// this is called to create file map. So, _get_block_create_0 will not
// read direct item
int reiserfs_bmap (struct inode * inode, long block,
		   struct buffer_head * bh_result, int create)
{
    if (!file_capable (inode, block))
	return -EFBIG;

    lock_kernel() ;
    /* do not read the direct item */
    _get_block_create_0 (inode, block, bh_result, 0) ;
    unlock_kernel() ;
    return 0;
}

/* special version of get_block that is only used by grab_tail_page right
** now.  It is sent to block_prepare_write, and when you try to get a
** block past the end of the file (or a block from a hole) it returns
** -ENOENT instead of a valid buffer.  block_prepare_write expects to
** be able to do i/o on the buffers returned, unless an error value
** is also returned.
** 
** So, this allows block_prepare_write to be used for reading a single block
** in a page.  Where it does not produce a valid page for holes, or past the
** end of the file.  This turns out to be exactly what we need for reading
** tails for conversion.
**
** The point of the wrapper is forcing a certain value for create, even
** though the VFS layer is calling this function with create==1.  If you 
** don't want to send create == GET_BLOCK_NO_HOLE to reiserfs_get_block, 
** don't use this function.
*/
static int reiserfs_get_block_create_0 (struct inode * inode, long block,
			struct buffer_head * bh_result, int create) {
    return reiserfs_get_block(inode, block, bh_result, GET_BLOCK_NO_HOLE) ;
}

/*
** helper function for when reiserfs_get_block is called for a hole
** but the file tail is still in a direct item
** bh_result is the buffer head for the hole
** tail_offset is the offset of the start of the tail in the file
**
** This calls prepare_write, which will start a new transaction
** you should not be in a transaction, or have any paths held when you
** call this.
*/
static int convert_tail_for_hole(struct inode *inode, 
                                 struct buffer_head *bh_result,
				 loff_t tail_offset) {
    unsigned long index ;
    unsigned long tail_end ; 
    unsigned long tail_start ;
    struct page * tail_page ;
    struct page * hole_page = bh_result->b_page ;
    int retval = 0 ;

    if ((tail_offset & (bh_result->b_size - 1)) != 1) 
        return -EIO ;

    /* always try to read until the end of the block */
    tail_start = tail_offset & (PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - 1) ;
    tail_end = (tail_start | (bh_result->b_size - 1)) + 1 ;

    index = tail_offset >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT ;
    if (index != hole_page->index) {
	tail_page = grab_cache_page(inode->i_mapping, index) ;
	retval = PTR_ERR(tail_page) ;
	if (IS_ERR(tail_page)) {
	    goto out ;
	}
    } else {
        tail_page = hole_page ;
    }

    /* we don't have to make sure the conversion did not happen while
    ** we were locking the page because anyone that could convert
    ** must first take i_sem.
    **
    ** We must fix the tail page for writing because it might have buffers
    ** that are mapped, but have a block number of 0.  This indicates tail
    ** data that has been read directly into the page, and block_prepare_write
    ** won't trigger a get_block in this case.
    */
    fix_tail_page_for_writing(tail_page) ;
    retval = block_prepare_write(tail_page, tail_start, tail_end, 
                                 reiserfs_get_block) ; 
    if (retval)
        goto unlock ;

    /* tail conversion might change the data in the page */
    flush_dcache_page(tail_page) ;

    retval = generic_commit_write(NULL, tail_page, tail_start, tail_end) ;

unlock:
    if (tail_page != hole_page) {
        UnlockPage(tail_page) ;
	page_cache_release(tail_page) ;
    }
out:
    return retval ;
}

//
// initially this function was derived from ext2's analog and evolved
// as the prototype did.  You'll need to look at the ext2 version to
// determine which parts are derivative, if any, understanding that
// there are only so many ways to code to a given interface.
//
int reiserfs_get_block (struct inode * inode, long block,
			struct buffer_head * bh_result, int create)
{
    int repeat, retval;
    unsigned long tag;
    b_blocknr_t allocated_block_nr = 0;// b_blocknr_t is unsigned long
    INITIALIZE_PATH(path);
    int pos_in_item;
    struct cpu_key key;
    struct buffer_head * bh, * unbh = 0;
    struct item_head * ih, tmp_ih;
    __u32 * item;
    int done;
    int fs_gen;
    int windex ;
    struct reiserfs_transaction_handle th ;
    int jbegin_count = JOURNAL_PER_BALANCE_CNT * 3 ;
    int version;
    int transaction_started = 0 ;
    loff_t new_offset = (block << inode->i_sb->s_blocksize_bits) + 1 ;

				/* bad.... */
    lock_kernel() ;
    th.t_trans_id = 0 ;
    version = inode_items_version (inode);

    if (!file_capable (inode, block)) {
	unlock_kernel() ;
	return -EFBIG;
    }

    /* if !create, we aren't changing the FS, so we don't need to
    ** log anything, so we don't need to start a transaction
    */
    if (!(create & GET_BLOCK_CREATE)) {
	int ret ;
	/* find number of block-th logical block of the file */
	ret = _get_block_create_0 (inode, block, bh_result, 
	                           create | GET_BLOCK_READ_DIRECT) ;
	unlock_kernel() ;
	return ret;
    }

    if (block < 0) {
	unlock_kernel();
	return -EIO;
    }

    prevent_flush_page_lock(bh_result->b_page, inode) ;
    inode->u.reiserfs_i.i_pack_on_close = 1 ;

    windex = push_journal_writer("reiserfs_get_block") ;
  
    /* set the key of the first byte in the 'block'-th block of file */
    make_cpu_key (&key, inode,
		  (loff_t)block * inode->i_sb->s_blocksize + 1, // k_offset
		  TYPE_ANY, 3/*key length*/);
    if ((new_offset + inode->i_sb->s_blocksize) >= inode->i_size) {
	journal_begin(&th, inode->i_sb, jbegin_count) ;
	transaction_started = 1 ;
    }
 research:

    retval = search_for_position_by_key (inode->i_sb, &key, &path);
    if (retval == IO_ERROR) {
	retval = -EIO;
	goto failure;
    }
	
    bh = get_bh (&path);
    ih = get_ih (&path);
    item = get_item (&path);
    pos_in_item = path.pos_in_item;

    fs_gen = get_generation (inode->i_sb);
    copy_item_head (&tmp_ih, ih);

    if (allocation_needed (retval, allocated_block_nr, ih, item, pos_in_item)) {
	/* we have to allocate block for the unformatted node */
	tag = find_tag (bh, ih, item, pos_in_item);
	if (!transaction_started) {
	    pathrelse(&path) ;
	    journal_begin(&th, inode->i_sb, jbegin_count) ;
	    transaction_started = 1 ;
	    goto research ;
	}

#ifdef REISERFS_PREALLOCATE
	repeat = reiserfs_new_unf_blocknrs2 (&th, inode, &allocated_block_nr, tag);
#else
	repeat = reiserfs_new_unf_blocknrs (&th, &allocated_block_nr, tag);
#endif

	if (repeat == NO_DISK_SPACE) {
	    /* restart the transaction to give the journal a chance to free
	    ** some blocks.  releases the path, so we have to go back to
	    ** research if we succeed on the second try
	    */
	    restart_transaction(&th, inode, &path) ; 
#ifdef REISERFS_PREALLOCATE
	    repeat = reiserfs_new_unf_blocknrs2 (&th, inode, &allocated_block_nr, tag);
#else
	    repeat = reiserfs_new_unf_blocknrs (&th, &allocated_block_nr, tag);
#endif

	    if (repeat != NO_DISK_SPACE) {
		goto research ;
	    }
	    retval = -ENOSPC;
	    goto failure;
	}

	if (fs_changed (fs_gen, inode->i_sb) && item_moved (&tmp_ih, &path)) {
	    goto research;
	}
    }

    if (indirect_item_found (retval, ih)) {
	/* 'block'-th block is in the file already (there is
	   corresponding cell in some indirect item). But it may be
	   zero unformatted node pointer (hole) */
	if (!item[pos_in_item]) {
	    /* use allocated block to plug the hole */
	    reiserfs_prepare_for_journal(inode->i_sb, bh, 1) ;
	    if (fs_changed (fs_gen, inode->i_sb) && item_moved (&tmp_ih, &path)) {
		reiserfs_restore_prepared_buffer(inode->i_sb, bh) ;
		goto research;
	    }
	    bh_result->b_state |= (1UL << BH_New);
	    item[pos_in_item] = cpu_to_le32 (allocated_block_nr);
	    journal_mark_dirty (&th, inode->i_sb, bh);
	    inode->i_blocks += (inode->i_sb->s_blocksize / 512) ;
	    reiserfs_update_sd(&th, inode) ;
	}
	set_block_dev_mapped(bh_result, le32_to_cpu (item[pos_in_item]), inode);
	pathrelse (&path);
#ifdef REISERFS_CHECK
	pop_journal_writer(windex) ;
#endif /* REISERFS_CHECK */
	if (transaction_started)
	    journal_end(&th, inode->i_sb, jbegin_count) ;

	allow_flush_page_lock(bh_result->b_page, inode) ;
	unlock_kernel() ;
	 
	/* the item was found, so new blocks were not added to the file
	** there is no need to make sure the inode is updated with this 
	** transaction
	*/
	return 0;
    }

    if (!transaction_started) {
	/* if we don't pathrelse, we could vs-3050 on the buffer if
	** someone is waiting for it (they can't finish until the buffer
	** is released, we can start a new transaction until they finish)
	*/
	pathrelse(&path) ;
	journal_begin(&th, inode->i_sb, jbegin_count) ;
	transaction_started = 1 ;
	goto research;
    }

    /* desired position is not found or is in the direct item. We have
       to append file with holes up to 'block'-th block converting
       direct items to indirect one if necessary */
    done = 0;
    do {
	if (is_statdata_le_ih (ih)) {
	    __u32 unp = 0;
	    struct cpu_key tmp_key;

	    /* indirect item has to be inserted */
	    make_le_item_head (&tmp_ih, &key, version, 1, TYPE_INDIRECT, 
			       UNFM_P_SIZE, 0/* free_space */);

	    if (cpu_key_k_offset (&key) == 1) {
		/* we are going to add 'block'-th block to the file. Use
		   allocated block for that */
		unp = cpu_to_le32 (allocated_block_nr);
		set_block_dev_mapped (bh_result, allocated_block_nr, inode);
		bh_result->b_state |= (1UL << BH_New);
		done = 1;
	    }
	    tmp_key = key; // ;)
	    set_cpu_key_k_offset (&tmp_key, 1);
	    PATH_LAST_POSITION(&path) ++;

	    retval = reiserfs_insert_item (&th, &path, &tmp_key, &tmp_ih, (char *)&unp);
	    if (retval) {
		reiserfs_free_block (&th, allocated_block_nr);

#ifdef REISERFS_PREALLOCATE
		reiserfs_discard_prealloc (&th, inode); 
#endif
		goto failure; // retval == -ENOSPC or -EIO or -EEXIST
	    }
	    if (unp)
		inode->i_blocks += inode->i_sb->s_blocksize / 512;
	    //mark_tail_converted (inode);
	} else if (is_direct_le_ih (ih)) {
	    /* direct item has to be converted */
	    loff_t tail_offset;

	    tail_offset = ((le_ih_k_offset (ih) - 1) & ~(inode->i_sb->s_blocksize - 1)) + 1;
	    if (tail_offset == cpu_key_k_offset (&key)) {
		/* direct item we just found fits into block we have
                   to map. Convert it into unformatted node: use
                   bh_result for the conversion */
		set_block_dev_mapped (bh_result, allocated_block_nr, inode);
		unbh = bh_result;
		done = 1;
	    } else {
		/* we have to padd file tail stored in direct item(s)
		   up to block size and convert it to unformatted
		   node. FIXME: this should also get into page cache */

		pathrelse(&path) ;
		journal_end(&th, inode->i_sb, jbegin_count) ;
		transaction_started = 0 ;

		retval = convert_tail_for_hole(inode, bh_result, tail_offset) ;
		if (retval) {
		    printk("clm-6004: convert tail failed inode %lu, error %d\n", inode->i_ino, retval) ;
		    if (allocated_block_nr)
			reiserfs_free_block (&th, allocated_block_nr);
		    goto failure ;
		}
		goto research ;
	    }
	    retval = direct2indirect (&th, inode, &path, unbh, tail_offset);
	    /* it is important the mark_buffer_uptodate is done after
	    ** the direct2indirect.  The buffer might contain valid
	    ** data newer than the data on disk (read by readpage, changed,
	    ** and then sent here by writepage).  direct2indirect needs
	    ** to know if unbh was already up to date, so it can decide
	    ** if the data in unbh needs to be replaced with data from
	    ** the disk
	    */
	    mark_buffer_uptodate (unbh, 1);
	    if (retval) {
		reiserfs_free_block (&th, allocated_block_nr);

#ifdef REISERFS_PREALLOCATE
		reiserfs_discard_prealloc (&th, inode); 
#endif
		goto failure;
	    }
	    /* we've converted the tail, so we must 
	    ** flush unbh before the transaction commits
	    */
	    reiserfs_add_page_to_flush_list(&th, inode, unbh) ;
		  
	    //inode->i_blocks += inode->i_sb->s_blocksize / 512;
	    //mark_tail_converted (inode);
	} else {
	    /* append indirect item with holes if needed, when appending
	       pointer to 'block'-th block use block, which is already
	       allocated */
	    struct cpu_key tmp_key;
	    struct unfm_nodeinfo un = {0, 0};

#ifdef CONFIG_REISERFS_CHECK
	    if (pos_in_item != le16_to_cpu (ih->ih_item_len) / UNFM_P_SIZE)
		reiserfs_panic (inode->i_sb, "vs-: reiserfs_get_block: "
				"invalid position for append");
#endif
	    /* indirect item has to be appended, set up key of that position */
	    make_cpu_key (&tmp_key, inode,
			  le_key_k_offset (version, &(ih->ih_key)) + op_bytes_number (ih, inode->i_sb->s_blocksize),
			  //pos_in_item * inode->i_sb->s_blocksize,
			  TYPE_INDIRECT, 3);// key type is unimportant
		  
	    if (cpu_key_k_offset (&tmp_key) == cpu_key_k_offset (&key)) {
		/* we are going to add target block to the file. Use allocated
		   block for that */
		un.unfm_nodenum = cpu_to_le32 (allocated_block_nr);
		set_block_dev_mapped (bh_result, allocated_block_nr, inode);
		bh_result->b_state |= (1UL << BH_New);
		done = 1;
	    } else {
		/* paste hole to the indirect item */
	    }
	    retval = reiserfs_paste_into_item (&th, &path, &tmp_key, (char *)&un, UNFM_P_SIZE);
	    if (retval) {
		reiserfs_free_block (&th, allocated_block_nr);

#ifdef REISERFS_PREALLOCATE
		reiserfs_discard_prealloc (&th, inode); 
#endif
		goto failure;
	    }
	    if (un.unfm_nodenum)
		inode->i_blocks += inode->i_sb->s_blocksize / 512;
	    //mark_tail_converted (inode);
	}
		
	if (done == 1)
	    break;
	 
	/* this loop could log more blocks than we had originally asked
	** for.  So, we have to allow the transaction to end if it is
	** too big or too full.  Update the inode so things are 
	** consistent if we crash before the function returns
	**
	** release the path so that anybody waiting on the path before
	** ending their transaction will be able to continue.
	*/
	if (journal_transaction_should_end(&th, th.t_blocks_allocated)) {
	  restart_transaction(&th, inode, &path) ; 
	}
	/* inserting indirect pointers for a hole can take a 
	** long time.  reschedule if needed
	*/
	if (current->need_resched)
	    schedule() ;

	retval = search_for_position_by_key (inode->i_sb, &key, &path);
	if (retval == IO_ERROR) {
	    retval = -EIO;
	    goto failure;
	}
	if (retval == POSITION_FOUND) {
	    reiserfs_warning ("vs-: reiserfs_get_block: "
			      "%k should not be found", &key);
	    retval = -EEXIST;
	    pathrelse(&path) ;
	    goto failure;
	}
	bh = get_bh (&path);
	ih = get_ih (&path);
	item = get_item (&path);
	pos_in_item = path.pos_in_item;
    } while (1);


    retval = 0;
    reiserfs_check_path(&path) ;

 failure:
    if (transaction_started) {
      reiserfs_update_sd(&th, inode) ;
      journal_end(&th, inode->i_sb, jbegin_count) ;
    }
    pop_journal_writer(windex) ;
    allow_flush_page_lock(bh_result->b_page, inode) ;
    unlock_kernel() ;
    reiserfs_check_path(&path) ;
    return retval;
}


//
// BAD: new directories have stat data of new type and all other items
// of old type. Version stored in the inode says about body items, so
// in update_stat_data we can not rely on inode, but have to check
// item version directly
//

// called by read_inode
static void init_inode (struct inode * inode, struct path * path)
{
    struct buffer_head * bh;
    struct item_head * ih;
    __u32 rdev;
    //int version = ITEM_VERSION_1;

    bh = PATH_PLAST_BUFFER (path);
    ih = PATH_PITEM_HEAD (path);


    copy_key (INODE_PKEY (inode), &(ih->ih_key));
    inode->i_generation = INODE_PKEY (inode)->k_dir_id;
    inode->i_blksize = PAGE_SIZE;

    if (stat_data_v1 (ih)) {
	struct stat_data_v1 * sd = (struct stat_data_v1 *)B_I_PITEM (bh, ih);
	unsigned long blocks;

	inode_items_version (inode) = ITEM_VERSION_1;
	inode->i_mode = le16_to_cpu (sd->sd_mode);
	inode->i_nlink = le16_to_cpu (sd->sd_nlink);
	inode->i_uid = le16_to_cpu (sd->sd_uid);
	inode->i_gid = le16_to_cpu (sd->sd_gid);
	inode->i_size = le32_to_cpu (sd->sd_size);
	inode->i_atime = le32_to_cpu (sd->sd_atime);
	inode->i_mtime = le32_to_cpu (sd->sd_mtime);
	inode->i_ctime = le32_to_cpu (sd->sd_ctime);

	inode->i_blocks = le32_to_cpu (sd->u.sd_blocks);
	blocks = (inode->i_size + 511) >> 9;
	blocks = _ROUND_UP (blocks, inode->i_blksize >> 9);
	if (inode->i_blocks > blocks) {
	    // there was a bug in <=3.5.23 when i_blocks could take negative
	    // values. Starting from 3.5.17 this value could even be stored in
	    // stat data. For such files we set i_blocks based on file
	    // size. Just 2 notes: this can be wrong for sparce files. On-disk value will be
	    // only updated if file's inode will ever change
	    inode->i_blocks = blocks;
	}

	rdev = le32_to_cpu (sd->u.sd_rdev);
	inode->u.reiserfs_i.i_first_direct_byte = le32_to_cpu (sd->sd_first_direct_byte);
    } else {
	// new stat data found, but object may have old items
	// (directories and symlinks)
	struct stat_data * sd = (struct stat_data *)B_I_PITEM (bh, ih);

	/* both old and new directories have old keys */
	//version = (S_ISDIR (sd->sd_mode) ? ITEM_VERSION_1 : ITEM_VERSION_2);
	if (S_ISDIR (sd->sd_mode) || S_ISLNK (sd->sd_mode))
	    inode_items_version (inode) = ITEM_VERSION_1;
	else
	    inode_items_version (inode) = ITEM_VERSION_2;
	inode->i_mode = le16_to_cpu (sd->sd_mode);
	inode->i_nlink = le32_to_cpu (sd->sd_nlink);
	inode->i_uid = le32_to_cpu (sd->sd_uid);
	inode->i_size = le64_to_cpu (sd->sd_size);
	inode->i_gid = le32_to_cpu (sd->sd_gid);
	inode->i_mtime = le32_to_cpu (sd->sd_mtime);
	inode->i_atime = le32_to_cpu (sd->sd_atime);
	inode->i_ctime = le32_to_cpu (sd->sd_ctime);
	inode->i_blocks = le32_to_cpu (sd->sd_blocks);
	rdev = le32_to_cpu (sd->u.sd_rdev);
    }

    /* nopack = 0, by default */
    inode->u.reiserfs_i.nopack = 0;

    pathrelse (path);
    if (S_ISREG (inode->i_mode)) {
	inode->i_op = &reiserfs_file_inode_operations;
	inode->i_fop = &reiserfs_file_operations;
	inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &reiserfs_address_space_operations ;
    } else if (S_ISDIR (inode->i_mode)) {
	inode->i_op = &reiserfs_dir_inode_operations;
	inode->i_fop = &reiserfs_dir_operations;
    } else if (S_ISLNK (inode->i_mode)) {
	inode->i_op = &page_symlink_inode_operations;
	inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &reiserfs_address_space_operations;
    } else {
	inode->i_blocks = 0;
	init_special_inode(inode, inode->i_mode, rdev) ;
    }
}


// update new stat data with inode fields
static void inode2sd (void * sd, struct inode * inode)
{
    struct stat_data * sd_v2 = (struct stat_data *)sd;

    sd_v2->sd_mode = cpu_to_le16 (inode->i_mode);
    sd_v2->sd_nlink = cpu_to_le16 (inode->i_nlink);
    sd_v2->sd_uid = cpu_to_le32 (inode->i_uid);
    sd_v2->sd_size = cpu_to_le64 (inode->i_size);
    sd_v2->sd_gid = cpu_to_le32 (inode->i_gid);
    sd_v2->sd_mtime = cpu_to_le32 (inode->i_mtime);
    sd_v2->sd_atime = cpu_to_le32 (inode->i_atime);
    sd_v2->sd_ctime = cpu_to_le32 (inode->i_ctime);
    sd_v2->sd_blocks = cpu_to_le32 (inode->i_blocks);
    if (S_ISCHR(inode->i_mode) || S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode))
	sd_v2->u.sd_rdev = cpu_to_le32 (inode->i_rdev);
}


// used to copy inode's fields to old stat data
static void inode2sd_v1 (void * sd, struct inode * inode)
{
    struct stat_data_v1 * sd_v1 = (struct stat_data_v1 *)sd;

    sd_v1->sd_mode = cpu_to_le16 (inode->i_mode);
    sd_v1->sd_uid = cpu_to_le16 (inode->i_uid);
    sd_v1->sd_gid = cpu_to_le16 (inode->i_gid);
    sd_v1->sd_nlink = cpu_to_le16 (inode->i_nlink);
    sd_v1->sd_size = cpu_to_le32 (inode->i_size);
    sd_v1->sd_atime = cpu_to_le32 (inode->i_atime);
    sd_v1->sd_ctime = cpu_to_le32 (inode->i_ctime);
    sd_v1->sd_mtime = cpu_to_le32 (inode->i_mtime);
    if (S_ISCHR(inode->i_mode) || S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode))
	sd_v1->u.sd_rdev = cpu_to_le32 (inode->i_rdev);
    else
	sd_v1->u.sd_blocks = cpu_to_le32 (inode->i_blocks);

    // Sigh. i_first_direct_byte is back
    sd_v1->sd_first_direct_byte = cpu_to_le32 (inode->u.reiserfs_i.i_first_direct_byte);
}


/* NOTE, you must prepare the buffer head before sending it here,
** and then log it after the call
*/
static void update_stat_data (struct path * path, struct inode * inode)
{
    struct buffer_head * bh;
    struct item_head * ih;
  
    bh = PATH_PLAST_BUFFER (path);
    ih = PATH_PITEM_HEAD (path);

    if (!is_statdata_le_ih (ih))
	reiserfs_panic (inode->i_sb, "vs-13065: update_stat_data: key %k, found item %h",
			INODE_PKEY (inode), ih);
  
    if (stat_data_v1 (ih)) {
	// path points to old stat data
	inode2sd_v1 (B_I_PITEM (bh, ih), inode);
    } else {
	inode2sd (B_I_PITEM (bh, ih), inode);
    }

    return;
}


void reiserfs_update_sd (struct reiserfs_transaction_handle *th, 
			 struct inode * inode)
{
    struct cpu_key key;
    INITIALIZE_PATH(path);
    struct buffer_head *bh ;
    int fs_gen ;
    struct item_head *ih, tmp_ih ;
    int retval;

    make_cpu_key (&key, inode, SD_OFFSET, TYPE_STAT_DATA, 3);//key type is unimportant
    
    for(;;) {
	int pos;
	/* look for the object's stat data */
	retval = search_item (inode->i_sb, &key, &path);
	if (retval == IO_ERROR) {
	    reiserfs_warning ("vs-13050: reiserfs_update_sd: "
			      "i/o failure occurred trying to update %K stat data",
			      &key);
	    return;
	}
	if (retval == ITEM_NOT_FOUND) {
	    pos = PATH_LAST_POSITION (&path);
	    pathrelse(&path) ;
	    if (inode->i_nlink == 0) {
		/*printk ("vs-13050: reiserfs_update_sd: i_nlink == 0, stat data not found\n");*/
		return;
	    }
	    reiserfs_warning ("vs-13060: reiserfs_update_sd: "
			      "stat data of object %k (nlink == %d) not found (pos %d)\n", 
			      INODE_PKEY (inode), inode->i_nlink, pos);
	    reiserfs_check_path(&path) ;
	    return;
	}
	
	/* sigh, prepare_for_journal might schedule.  When it schedules the
	** FS might change.  We have to detect that, and loop back to the
	** search if the stat data item has moved
	*/
	bh = get_bh(&path) ;
	ih = get_ih(&path) ;
	copy_item_head (&tmp_ih, ih);
	fs_gen = get_generation (inode->i_sb);
	reiserfs_prepare_for_journal(inode->i_sb, bh, 1) ;
	if (fs_changed (fs_gen, inode->i_sb) && item_moved(&tmp_ih, &path)) {
	    reiserfs_restore_prepared_buffer(inode->i_sb, bh) ;
	    continue ;	/* Stat_data item has been moved after scheduling. */
	}
	break;
    }
    update_stat_data (&path, inode);
    journal_mark_dirty(th, th->t_super, bh) ; 
    pathrelse (&path);
    return;
}

void reiserfs_read_inode(struct inode *inode) {
    make_bad_inode(inode) ;
}


//
// initially this function was derived from minix or ext2's analog and
// evolved as the prototype did
//

/* looks for stat data in the tree, and fills up the fields of in-core
   inode stat data fields */
void reiserfs_read_inode2 (struct inode * inode, void *p)
{
    INITIALIZE_PATH (path_to_sd);
    struct cpu_key key;
    struct reiserfs_iget4_args *args = (struct reiserfs_iget4_args *)p ;
    unsigned long dirino;
    int retval;

    if (!p) {
	make_bad_inode(inode) ;
	return;
    }

    dirino = args->objectid ;

    /* set version 1, version 2 could be used too, because stat data
       key is the same in both versions */
    key.version = ITEM_VERSION_1;
    key.on_disk_key.k_dir_id = dirino;
    key.on_disk_key.k_objectid = inode->i_ino;
    key.on_disk_key.u.k_offset_v1.k_offset = SD_OFFSET;
    key.on_disk_key.u.k_offset_v1.k_uniqueness = SD_UNIQUENESS;

    /* look for the object's stat data */
    retval = search_item (inode->i_sb, &key, &path_to_sd);
    if (retval == IO_ERROR) {
	reiserfs_warning ("vs-13070: reiserfs_read_inode2: "
			  "i/o failure occurred trying to find stat data of %K\n",
			  &key);
	make_bad_inode(inode) ;
	return;
    }
    if (retval != ITEM_FOUND) {
	reiserfs_warning ("vs-13042: reiserfs_read_inode2: %K not found\n", &key);
	pathrelse (&path_to_sd);
	make_bad_inode(inode) ;
	return;
    }

    init_inode (inode, &path_to_sd);
    reiserfs_check_path(&path_to_sd) ; /* init inode should be relsing */

}


struct inode * reiserfs_iget (struct super_block * s, struct cpu_key * key)
{
    struct inode * inode;
    struct reiserfs_iget4_args args ;

    args.objectid = key->on_disk_key.k_dir_id ;
    inode = iget4 (s, key->on_disk_key.k_objectid, 0, (void *)(&args));
    if (!inode) 
      return inode ;

    //    if (comp_short_keys (INODE_PKEY (inode), key)) {
    if (is_bad_inode (inode)) {
	reiserfs_warning ("vs-13048: reiserfs_iget: "
			  "bad_inode. Stat data of (%lu %lu) not found\n",
			  key->on_disk_key.k_dir_id, key->on_disk_key.k_objectid);
	iput (inode);
	inode = 0;
    }
    return inode;
}


//
// initially this function was derived from minix or ext2's analog and
// evolved as the prototype did
//
/* looks for stat data, then copies fields to it, marks the buffer
   containing stat data as dirty */
/* reiserfs inodes are never really dirty, since the dirty inode call
** always logs them.  This call allows the VFS inode marking routines
** to properly mark inodes for datasync and such, but only actually
** does something when called for a synchronous update.
*/
void reiserfs_write_inode (struct inode * inode, int do_sync) {
    struct reiserfs_transaction_handle th ;
    int jbegin_count = 1 ;

    if (inode->i_sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY) {
        reiserfs_warning("clm-6005: writing inode %lu on readonly FS\n", 
	                  inode->i_ino) ;
        return ;
    }
    if (do_sync) {
	lock_kernel() ;
	journal_begin(&th, inode->i_sb, jbegin_count) ;
	reiserfs_update_sd (&th, inode);
	journal_end_sync(&th, inode->i_sb, jbegin_count) ;
	unlock_kernel() ;
    }
}

void reiserfs_dirty_inode (struct inode * inode) {
    struct reiserfs_transaction_handle th ;

    if (inode->i_sb->s_flags & MS_RDONLY) {
        reiserfs_warning("clm-6006: writing inode %lu on readonly FS\n", 
	                  inode->i_ino) ;
        return ;
    }
    lock_kernel() ;
    journal_begin(&th, inode->i_sb, 1) ;
    reiserfs_update_sd (&th, inode);
    journal_end(&th, inode->i_sb, 1) ;
    unlock_kernel() ;
}


/* FIXME: no need any more. right? */
int reiserfs_sync_inode (struct reiserfs_transaction_handle *th, struct inode * inode)
{
  int err = 0;

  reiserfs_update_sd (th, inode);
  return err;
}


/* stat data of new object is inserted already, this inserts the item
   containing "." and ".." entries */
static int reiserfs_new_directory (struct reiserfs_transaction_handle *th, 
				   struct item_head * ih, struct path * path, const struct inode * dir)
{
    struct super_block * sb = th->t_super;
    char empty_dir [EMPTY_DIR_SIZE];
    char * body = empty_dir;
    struct cpu_key key;
    int retval;
    
    _make_cpu_key (&key, ITEM_VERSION_1, le32_to_cpu (ih->ih_key.k_dir_id),
		   le32_to_cpu (ih->ih_key.k_objectid), DOT_OFFSET, TYPE_DIRENTRY, 3/*key length*/);
    
    /* compose item head for new item. Directories consist of items of
       old type (ITEM_VERSION_1). Do not set key (second arg is 0), it
       is done by reiserfs_new_inode */
    if (old_format_only (sb)) {
	make_le_item_head (ih, 0, ITEM_VERSION_1, DOT_OFFSET, TYPE_DIRENTRY, EMPTY_DIR_SIZE_V1, 2);
	
	make_empty_dir_item_v1 (body, ih->ih_key.k_dir_id, ih->ih_key.k_objectid,
				le32_to_cpu (INODE_PKEY (dir)->k_dir_id), 
				le32_to_cpu (INODE_PKEY (dir)->k_objectid));
    } else {
	make_le_item_head (ih, 0, ITEM_VERSION_1, DOT_OFFSET, TYPE_DIRENTRY, EMPTY_DIR_SIZE, 2);
	
	make_empty_dir_item (body, ih->ih_key.k_dir_id, ih->ih_key.k_objectid,
			     le32_to_cpu (INODE_PKEY (dir)->k_dir_id), 
			     le32_to_cpu (INODE_PKEY (dir)->k_objectid));
    }
    
    /* look for place in the tree for new item */
    retval = search_item (sb, &key, path);
    if (retval == IO_ERROR) {
	reiserfs_warning ("vs-13080: reiserfs_new_directory: "
			  "i/o failure occured creating new directory\n");
	return -EIO;
    }
    if (retval == ITEM_FOUND) {
	pathrelse (path);
	reiserfs_warning ("vs-13070: reiserfs_new_directory: "
			  "object with this key exists (%k)", &(ih->ih_key));
	return -EEXIST;
    }

    /* insert item, that is empty directory item */
    return reiserfs_insert_item (th, path, &key, ih, body);
}


/* stat data of object has been inserted, this inserts the item
   containing the body of symlink */
static int reiserfs_new_symlink (struct reiserfs_transaction_handle *th, 
				 struct item_head * ih,
				 struct path * path, const char * symname, int item_len)
{
    struct super_block * sb = th->t_super;
    struct cpu_key key;
    int retval;

    _make_cpu_key (&key, ITEM_VERSION_1, 
		   le32_to_cpu (ih->ih_key.k_dir_id), 
		   le32_to_cpu (ih->ih_key.k_objectid),
		   1, TYPE_DIRECT, 3/*key length*/);

    make_le_item_head (ih, 0, ITEM_VERSION_1, 1, TYPE_DIRECT, item_len, 0/*free_space*/);

    /* look for place in the tree for new item */
    retval = search_item (sb, &key, path);
    if (retval == IO_ERROR) {
	reiserfs_warning ("vs-13080: reiserfs_new_symlinik: "
			  "i/o failure occured creating new symlink\n");
	return -EIO;
    }
    if (retval == ITEM_FOUND) {
	pathrelse (path);
	reiserfs_warning ("vs-13080: reiserfs_new_symlink: "
			  "object with this key exists (%k)", &(ih->ih_key));
	return -EEXIST;
    }

    /* insert item, that is body of symlink */
    return reiserfs_insert_item (th, path, &key, ih, symname);
}


/* inserts the stat data into the tree, and then calls
   reiserfs_new_directory (to insert ".", ".." item if new object is
   directory) or reiserfs_new_symlink (to insert symlink body if new
   object is symlink) or nothing (if new object is regular file) */
struct inode * reiserfs_new_inode (struct reiserfs_transaction_handle *th,
				   const struct inode * dir, int mode, 
				   const char * symname, 
				   int i_size, /* 0 for regular, EMTRY_DIR_SIZE for dirs,
						  strlen (symname) for symlinks)*/
				   struct dentry *dentry, struct inode *inode, int * err)
{
    struct super_block * sb;
    INITIALIZE_PATH (path_to_key);
    struct cpu_key key;
    struct item_head ih;
    struct stat_data sd;
    int retval;
  
    if (!dir || !dir->i_nlink) {
	*err = -EPERM;
	iput(inode) ;
	return NULL;
    }

    sb = dir->i_sb;
    inode->i_sb = sb;
    inode->i_flags = 0;//inode->i_sb->s_flags;

    /* item head of new item */
    ih.ih_key.k_dir_id = INODE_PKEY (dir)->k_objectid;
    ih.ih_key.k_objectid = cpu_to_le32 (reiserfs_get_unused_objectid (th));
    if (!ih.ih_key.k_objectid) {
	iput(inode) ;
	*err = -ENOMEM;
	return NULL;
    }
    if (old_format_only (sb))
	make_le_item_head (&ih, 0, ITEM_VERSION_1, SD_OFFSET, TYPE_STAT_DATA, SD_V1_SIZE, MAX_US_INT);
    else
	make_le_item_head (&ih, 0, ITEM_VERSION_2, SD_OFFSET, TYPE_STAT_DATA, SD_SIZE, MAX_US_INT);


    /* key to search for correct place for new stat data */
    _make_cpu_key (&key, ITEM_VERSION_2, le32_to_cpu (ih.ih_key.k_dir_id),
		   le32_to_cpu (ih.ih_key.k_objectid), SD_OFFSET, TYPE_STAT_DATA, 3/*key length*/);

    /* find proper place for inserting of stat data */
    retval = search_item (sb, &key, &path_to_key);
    if (retval == IO_ERROR) {
	iput (inode);
	*err = -EIO;
	return NULL;
    }
    if (retval == ITEM_FOUND) {
	pathrelse (&path_to_key);
	iput (inode);
	*err = -EEXIST;
	return NULL;
    }

    /* fill stat data */
    inode->i_mode = mode;
    inode->i_nlink = (S_ISDIR (mode) ? 2 : 1);
    inode->i_uid = current->fsuid;
    if (dir->i_mode & S_ISGID) {
	inode->i_gid = dir->i_gid;
	if (S_ISDIR(mode))
	    inode->i_mode |= S_ISGID;
    } else
	inode->i_gid = current->fsgid;

    inode->i_mtime = inode->i_atime = inode->i_ctime = CURRENT_TIME;
    inode->i_size = i_size;
    inode->i_blocks = (inode->i_size + 511) >> 9;
    inode->u.reiserfs_i.i_first_direct_byte = S_ISLNK(mode) ? 1 : 
      U32_MAX/*NO_BYTES_IN_DIRECT_ITEM*/;

    if (old_format_only (sb))
	inode2sd_v1 (&sd, inode);
    else
	inode2sd (&sd, inode);

    // these do not go to on-disk stat data
    inode->i_ino = le32_to_cpu (ih.ih_key.k_objectid);
    inode->i_blksize = PAGE_SIZE;
    inode->i_dev = sb->s_dev;
  
    // store in in-core inode the key of stat data and version all
    // object items will have (directory items will have old offset
    // format, other new objects will consist of new items)
    memcpy (INODE_PKEY (inode), &(ih.ih_key), KEY_SIZE);
    if (old_format_only (sb) || S_ISDIR(mode) || S_ISLNK(mode))
	inode_items_version (inode) = ITEM_VERSION_1;
    else
	inode_items_version (inode) = ITEM_VERSION_2;

    /* insert the stat data into the tree */
    retval = reiserfs_insert_item (th, &path_to_key, &key, &ih, (char *)(&sd));
    if (retval) {
	iput (inode);
	*err = retval;
	reiserfs_check_path(&path_to_key) ;
	return NULL;
    }

    if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
	/* insert item with "." and ".." */
	retval = reiserfs_new_directory (th, &ih, &path_to_key, dir);
    }

    if (S_ISLNK(mode)) {
	/* insert body of symlink */
	if (!old_format_only (sb))
	    i_size = ROUND_UP(i_size);
	retval = reiserfs_new_symlink (th, &ih, &path_to_key, symname, i_size);
    }
    if (retval) {
      inode->i_nlink = 0;
	iput (inode);
	*err = retval;
	reiserfs_check_path(&path_to_key) ;
	return NULL;
    }

    /* not a perfect generation count, as object ids can be reused, but this
    ** is as good as reiserfs can do right now
    */
    inode->i_generation = INODE_PKEY (inode)->k_dir_id;
    insert_inode_hash (inode);
    // we do not mark inode dirty: on disk content matches to the
    // in-core one
    reiserfs_check_path(&path_to_key) ;

    return inode;
}

/*
** finds the tail page in the page cache,
** reads the last block in.
**
** On success, page_result is set to a locked, pinned page, and bh_result
** is set to an up to date buffer for the last block in the file.  returns 0.
**
** tail conversion is not done, so bh_result might not be valid for writing
** check buffer_mapped(bh_result) and bh_result->b_blocknr != 0 before
** trying to write the block.
**
** on failure, nonzero is returned, page_result and bh_result are untouched.
*/
static int grab_tail_page(struct inode *p_s_inode, 
			  struct page **page_result, 
			  struct buffer_head **bh_result) {

    /* we want the page with the last byte in the file,
    ** not the page that will hold the next byte for appending
    */
    unsigned long index = (p_s_inode->i_size-1) >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT ;
    unsigned long pos = 0 ;
    unsigned long start = 0 ;
    unsigned long blocksize = p_s_inode->i_sb->s_blocksize ;
    unsigned long offset = (p_s_inode->i_size) & (PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - 1) ;
    struct buffer_head *bh ;
    struct buffer_head *head ;
    struct page * page ;
    int error ;
    
    /* we know that we are only called with inode->i_size > 0.
    ** we also know that a file tail can never be as big as a block
    ** If i_size % blocksize == 0, our file is currently block aligned
    ** and it won't need converting or zeroing after a truncate.
    */
    if ((offset & (blocksize - 1)) == 0) {
        return -ENOENT ;
    }
    page = grab_cache_page(p_s_inode->i_mapping, index) ;
    error = PTR_ERR(page) ;
    if (IS_ERR(page)) {
        goto out ;
    }
    /* start within the page of the last block in the file */
    start = (offset / blocksize) * blocksize ;

    error = block_prepare_write(page, start, offset, 
				reiserfs_get_block_create_0) ;
    if (error)
	goto unlock ;

    kunmap(page) ; /* mapped by block_prepare_write */

    head = page->buffers ;      
    bh = head;
    do {
	if (pos >= start) {
	    break ;
	}
	bh = bh->b_this_page ;
	pos += blocksize ;
    } while(bh != head) ;

    if (!buffer_uptodate(bh)) {
	/* note, this should never happen, prepare_write should
	** be taking care of this for us.  If the buffer isn't up to date,
	** I've screwed up the code to find the buffer, or the code to
	** call prepare_write
	*/
	reiserfs_warning("clm-6000: error reading block %lu on dev %s\n",
	                  bh->b_blocknr, kdevname(bh->b_dev)) ;
	error = -EIO ;
	goto unlock ;
    }
    *bh_result = bh ;
    *page_result = page ;

out:
    return error ;

unlock:
    UnlockPage(page) ;
    page_cache_release(page) ;
    return error ;
}

/*
** vfs version of truncate file.  Must NOT be called with
** a transaction already started.
**
** some code taken from block_truncate_page
*/
void reiserfs_truncate_file(struct inode *p_s_inode, int update_timestamps) {
    struct reiserfs_transaction_handle th ;
    int windex ;

    /* we want the offset for the first byte after the end of the file */
    unsigned long offset = p_s_inode->i_size & (PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - 1) ;
    unsigned blocksize = p_s_inode->i_sb->s_blocksize ;
    unsigned length ;
    struct page *page = NULL ;
    int error ;
    struct buffer_head *bh = NULL ;

    if (p_s_inode->i_size > 0) {
        if ((error = grab_tail_page(p_s_inode, &page, &bh))) {
	    // -ENOENT means we truncated past the end of the file, 
	    // and get_block_create_0 could not find a block to read in,
	    // which is ok.
	    if (error != -ENOENT)
	        reiserfs_warning("clm-6001: grab_tail_page failed %d\n", error);
	    page = NULL ;
	    bh = NULL ;
	}
    }

    /* so, if page != NULL, we have a buffer head for the offset at 
    ** the end of the file. if the bh is mapped, and bh->b_blocknr != 0, 
    ** then we have an unformatted node.  Otherwise, we have a direct item, 
    ** and no zeroing is required.  We zero after the truncate, because the 
    ** truncate might pack the item anyway (it will unmap bh if it packs).
    */
    prevent_flush_page_lock(page, p_s_inode) ;
    journal_begin(&th, p_s_inode->i_sb,  JOURNAL_PER_BALANCE_CNT * 2 ) ;
    windex = push_journal_writer("reiserfs_vfs_truncate_file") ;
    reiserfs_do_truncate (&th, p_s_inode, page, update_timestamps) ;
    pop_journal_writer(windex) ;
    journal_end(&th, p_s_inode->i_sb,  JOURNAL_PER_BALANCE_CNT * 2 ) ;
    allow_flush_page_lock(page, p_s_inode) ;

    if (page && buffer_mapped(bh) && bh->b_blocknr != 0) {
        length = offset & (blocksize - 1) ;
	/* if we are not on a block boundary */
	if (length) {
	    length = blocksize - length ;
	    memset((char *)kmap(page) + offset, 0, length) ;   
	    flush_dcache_page(page) ;
	    kunmap(page) ;
	    mark_buffer_dirty(bh) ;
	}
    } 

    if (page) {
	UnlockPage(page) ;
	page_cache_release(page) ;
    }
    return ;
}

static int map_block_for_writepage(struct inode *inode, 
			       struct buffer_head *bh_result, 
                               unsigned long block) {
    struct reiserfs_transaction_handle th ;
    int fs_gen ;
    struct item_head tmp_ih ;
    struct item_head *ih ;
    struct buffer_head *bh ;
    __u32 *item ;
    struct cpu_key key ;
    INITIALIZE_PATH(path) ;
    int pos_in_item ;
    int jbegin_count = JOURNAL_PER_BALANCE_CNT ;
    loff_t byte_offset = (block << inode->i_sb->s_blocksize_bits) + 1 ;
    int retval ;
    int use_get_block = 0 ;
    int bytes_copied = 0 ;
    int copy_size ;

start_over:
    lock_kernel() ;
    prevent_flush_page_lock(bh_result->b_page, inode) ;
    journal_begin(&th, inode->i_sb, jbegin_count) ;

    make_cpu_key(&key, inode, byte_offset, TYPE_ANY, 3) ;

research:
    retval = search_for_position_by_key(inode->i_sb, &key, &path) ;
    if (retval != POSITION_FOUND) {
        use_get_block = 1;
	goto out ;
    } 

    bh = get_bh(&path) ;
    ih = get_ih(&path) ;
    item = get_item(&path) ;
    pos_in_item = path.pos_in_item ;

    /* we've found an unformatted node */
    if (indirect_item_found(retval, ih)) {
	if (bytes_copied > 0) {
	    reiserfs_warning("clm-6002: bytes_copied %d\n", bytes_copied) ;
	}
        if (!item[pos_in_item]) {
	    /* crap, we are writing to a hole */
	    use_get_block = 1;
	    goto out ;
	}
	set_block_dev_mapped(bh_result, le32_to_cpu(item[pos_in_item]), inode);
    } else if (is_direct_le_ih(ih)) {
        char *p ; 
        p = page_address(bh_result->b_page) ;
        p += (byte_offset -1) & (PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - 1) ;
        copy_size = le16_to_cpu(ih->ih_item_len) - pos_in_item ;

	fs_gen = get_generation(inode->i_sb) ;
	copy_item_head(&tmp_ih, ih) ;
	reiserfs_prepare_for_journal(inode->i_sb, bh, 1) ;
	if (fs_changed (fs_gen, inode->i_sb) && item_moved (&tmp_ih, &path)) {
	    reiserfs_restore_prepared_buffer(inode->i_sb, bh) ;
	    goto research;
	}

	memcpy( B_I_PITEM(bh, ih) + pos_in_item, p + bytes_copied, copy_size) ;

	journal_mark_dirty(&th, inode->i_sb, bh) ;
	bytes_copied += copy_size ;
	set_block_dev_mapped(bh_result, 0, inode);

	/* are there still bytes left? */
        if (bytes_copied < bh_result->b_size && 
	    (byte_offset + bytes_copied) < inode->i_size) {
	    set_cpu_key_k_offset(&key, cpu_key_k_offset(&key) + copy_size) ;
	    goto research ;
	}
    } else {
        reiserfs_warning("clm-6003: bad item inode %lu, device %s\n", inode->i_ino, kdevname(inode->i_sb->s_dev)) ;
        retval = -EIO ;
	goto out ;
    }
    retval = 0 ;
    
out:
    pathrelse(&path) ;
    journal_end(&th, inode->i_sb, jbegin_count) ;
    allow_flush_page_lock(bh_result->b_page, inode) ;
    unlock_kernel() ;

    /* this is where we fill in holes in the file. */
    if (use_get_block) {
        kmap(bh_result->b_page) ;
	retval = reiserfs_get_block(inode, block, bh_result, 1) ;
        kunmap(bh_result->b_page) ;
	if (!retval) {
	    if (!buffer_mapped(bh_result) || bh_result->b_blocknr == 0) {
	        /* get_block failed to find a mapped unformatted node. */
		use_get_block = 0 ;
		goto start_over ;
	    }
	}
    }
    return retval ;
}

/* helper func to get a buffer head ready for writepage to send to
** ll_rw_block
*/
static inline void submit_bh_for_writepage(struct buffer_head **bhp, int nr) {
    struct buffer_head *bh ;
    int i;
    for(i = 0 ; i < nr ; i++) {
        bh = bhp[i] ;
	lock_buffer(bh) ;
	atomic_inc(&bh->b_count) ; /* async end_io handler decs this */
	set_buffer_async_io(bh) ;
	/* submit_bh doesn't care if the buffer is dirty, but nobody
	** later on in the call chain will be cleaning it.  So, we
	** clean the buffer here, it still gets written either way.
	*/
	clear_bit(BH_Dirty, &bh->b_state) ;
	set_bit(BH_Uptodate, &bh->b_state) ;
	submit_bh(WRITE, bh) ;
    }
}

static int reiserfs_write_full_page(struct page *page) {
    struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host ;
    unsigned long end_index = inode->i_size >> PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT ;
    unsigned last_offset = PAGE_CACHE_SIZE;
    int error = 0;
    unsigned long block ;
    unsigned cur_offset = 0 ;
    struct buffer_head *head, *bh ;
    int partial = 0 ;
    struct buffer_head *arr[PAGE_CACHE_SIZE/512] ;
    int nr = 0 ;

    if (!page->buffers) {
        block_prepare_write(page, 0, 0, NULL) ;
	kunmap(page) ;
    }
    /* last page in the file, zero out any contents past the
    ** last byte in the file
    */
    if (page->index >= end_index) {
        last_offset = inode->i_size & (PAGE_CACHE_SIZE - 1) ;
	/* no file contents in this page */
	if (page->index >= end_index + 1 || !last_offset) {
	    error =  -EIO ;
	    goto fail ;
	}
	memset((char *)kmap(page)+last_offset, 0, PAGE_CACHE_SIZE-last_offset) ;
	flush_dcache_page(page) ;
	kunmap(page) ;
    }
    head = page->buffers ;
    bh = head ;
    block = page->index << (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - inode->i_sb->s_blocksize_bits) ;
    do {
	/* if this offset in the page is outside the file */
	if (cur_offset >= last_offset) {
	    if (!buffer_uptodate(bh))
	        partial = 1 ;
	} else {
	    /* fast path, buffer mapped to an unformatted node */
	    if (buffer_mapped(bh) && bh->b_blocknr != 0) {
		arr[nr++] = bh ;
	    } else {
		/* buffer not mapped yet, or points to a direct item.
		** search and dirty or log
		*/
		if ((error = map_block_for_writepage(inode, bh, block))) {
		    goto fail ;
		}
		/* map_block_for_writepage either found an unformatted node
		** and mapped it for us, or it found a direct item
		** and logged the changes.  
		*/
		if (buffer_mapped(bh) && bh->b_blocknr != 0) {
		    arr[nr++] = bh ;
		}
	    }
	}
        bh = bh->b_this_page ;
	cur_offset += bh->b_size ;
	block++ ;
    } while(bh != head) ;

    /* if this page only had a direct item, it is very possible for
    ** nr == 0 without there being any kind of error.
    */
    if (nr) {
        submit_bh_for_writepage(arr, nr) ;
    } else {
        UnlockPage(page) ;
    }
    if (!partial)
        SetPageUptodate(page) ;

    return 0 ;

fail:
    if (nr) {
        submit_bh_for_writepage(arr, nr) ;
    } else {
        UnlockPage(page) ;
    }
    ClearPageUptodate(page) ;
    return error ;
}

//
// this is exactly what 2.3.99-pre9's ext2_readpage is
//
static int reiserfs_readpage (struct file *f, struct page * page)
{
    return block_read_full_page (page, reiserfs_get_block);
}


//
// modified from ext2_writepage is
//
static int reiserfs_writepage (struct page * page)
{
    struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host ;
    reiserfs_wait_on_write_block(inode->i_sb) ;
    return reiserfs_write_full_page(page) ;
}


//
// from ext2_prepare_write, but modified
//
int reiserfs_prepare_write(struct file *f, struct page *page, unsigned from, unsigned to) {
    struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host ;
    reiserfs_wait_on_write_block(inode->i_sb) ;
    fix_tail_page_for_writing(page) ;
    return block_prepare_write(page, from, to, reiserfs_get_block) ;
}


//
// this is exactly what 2.3.99-pre9's ext2_bmap is
//
static int reiserfs_aop_bmap(struct address_space *as, long block) {
  return generic_block_bmap(as, block, reiserfs_bmap) ;
}


static int reiserfs_commit_write(struct file *f, struct page *page, 
                                 unsigned from, unsigned to) {
    struct inode *inode = page->mapping->host ;
    int ret ; 
    struct reiserfs_transaction_handle th ;
    
    reiserfs_wait_on_write_block(inode->i_sb) ;
    lock_kernel();
    prevent_flush_page_lock(page, inode) ;
    ret = generic_commit_write(f, page, from, to) ;
    /* we test for O_SYNC here so we can commit the transaction
    ** for any packed tails the file might have had
    */
    if (f->f_flags & O_SYNC) {
	journal_begin(&th, inode->i_sb, 1) ;
	reiserfs_prepare_for_journal(inode->i_sb, 
	                             SB_BUFFER_WITH_SB(inode->i_sb), 1) ;
	journal_mark_dirty(&th, inode->i_sb, SB_BUFFER_WITH_SB(inode->i_sb)) ;
	journal_end_sync(&th, inode->i_sb, 1) ;
    }
    allow_flush_page_lock(page, inode) ;
    unlock_kernel();
    return ret ;
}

struct address_space_operations reiserfs_address_space_operations = {
    writepage: reiserfs_writepage,
    readpage: reiserfs_readpage, 
    sync_page: block_sync_page,
    prepare_write: reiserfs_prepare_write,
    commit_write: reiserfs_commit_write,
    bmap: reiserfs_aop_bmap
} ;