path: root/kernel/sched.c

/*
 *  linux/kernel/sched.c
 *
 *  Kernel scheduler and related syscalls
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
 *
 *  1996-12-23  Modified by Dave Grothe to fix bugs in semaphores and
 *              make semaphores SMP safe
 *  1998-11-19	Implemented schedule_timeout() and related stuff
 *		by Andrea Arcangeli
 *  1998-12-28  Implemented better SMP scheduling by Ingo Molnar
 */

/*
 * 'sched.c' is the main kernel file. It contains scheduling primitives
 * (sleep_on, wakeup, schedule etc) as well as a number of simple system
 * call functions (type getpid()), which just extract a field from
 * current-task
 */

#include <linux/config.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/smp_lock.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>

#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/mmu_context.h>

extern void timer_bh(void);
extern void tqueue_bh(void);
extern void immediate_bh(void);

/*
 * scheduler variables
 */

unsigned securebits = SECUREBITS_DEFAULT; /* systemwide security settings */

extern void mem_use(void);

/*
 * Scheduling quanta.
 *
 * NOTE! The unix "nice" value influences how long a process
 * gets. The nice value ranges from -20 to +19, where a -20
 * is a "high-priority" task, and a "+10" is a low-priority
 * task.
 *
 * We want the time-slice to be around 50ms or so, so this
 * calculation depends on the value of HZ.
 */
#if HZ < 200
#define TICK_SCALE(x)	((x) >> 2)
#elif HZ < 400
#define TICK_SCALE(x)	((x) >> 1)
#elif HZ < 800
#define TICK_SCALE(x)	(x)
#elif HZ < 1600
#define TICK_SCALE(x)	((x) << 1)
#else
#define TICK_SCALE(x)	((x) << 2)
#endif

#define NICE_TO_TICKS(nice)	(TICK_SCALE(20-(nice))+1)


/*
 *	Init task must be ok at boot for the ix86 as we will check its signals
 *	via the SMP irq return path.
 */
 
struct task_struct * init_tasks[NR_CPUS] = {&init_task, };

/*
 * The tasklist_lock protects the linked list of processes.
 *
 * The scheduler lock is protecting against multiple entry
 * into the scheduling code, and doesn't need to worry
 * about interrupts (because interrupts cannot call the
 * scheduler).
 *
 * The run-queue lock locks the parts that actually access
 * and change the run-queues, and have to be interrupt-safe.
 */
spinlock_t runqueue_lock __cacheline_aligned = SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED;  /* second */
rwlock_t tasklist_lock __cacheline_aligned = RW_LOCK_UNLOCKED;	/* third */

static LIST_HEAD(runqueue_head);

/*
 * We align per-CPU scheduling data on cacheline boundaries,
 * to prevent cacheline ping-pong.
 */
static union {
	struct schedule_data {
		struct task_struct * curr;
		cycles_t last_schedule;
	} schedule_data;
	char __pad [SMP_CACHE_BYTES];
} aligned_data [NR_CPUS] __cacheline_aligned = { {{&init_task,0}}};

#define cpu_curr(cpu) aligned_data[(cpu)].schedule_data.curr
#define last_schedule(cpu) aligned_data[(cpu)].schedule_data.last_schedule

struct kernel_stat kstat;

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP

#define idle_task(cpu) (init_tasks[cpu_number_map(cpu)])
#define can_schedule(p,cpu) ((!(p)->has_cpu) && \
				((p)->cpus_allowed & (1 << cpu)))

#else

#define idle_task(cpu) (&init_task)
#define can_schedule(p,cpu) (1)

#endif

void scheduling_functions_start_here(void) { }

/*
 * This is the function that decides how desirable a process is..
 * You can weigh different processes against each other depending
 * on what CPU they've run on lately etc to try to handle cache
 * and TLB miss penalties.
 *
 * Return values:
 *	 -1000: never select this
 *	     0: out of time, recalculate counters (but it might still be
 *		selected)
 *	   +ve: "goodness" value (the larger, the better)
 *	 +1000: realtime process, select this.
 */

static inline int goodness(struct task_struct * p, int this_cpu, struct mm_struct *this_mm)
{
	int weight;

	/*
	 * Realtime process, select the first one on the
	 * runqueue (taking priorities within processes
	 * into account).
	 */
	if (p->policy != SCHED_OTHER) {
		weight = 1000 + p->rt_priority;
		goto out;
	}

	/*
	 * Give the process a first-approximation goodness value
	 * according to the number of clock-ticks it has left.
	 *
	 * Don't do any other calculations if the time slice is
	 * over..
	 */
	weight = p->counter;
	if (!weight)
		goto out;
			
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
	/* Give a largish advantage to the same processor...   */
	/* (this is equivalent to penalizing other processors) */
	if (p->processor == this_cpu)
		weight += PROC_CHANGE_PENALTY;
#endif

	/* .. and a slight advantage to the current MM */
	if (p->mm == this_mm || !p->mm)
		weight += 1;
	weight += 20 - p->nice;

out:
	return weight;
}

/*
 * subtle. We want to discard a yielded process only if it's being
 * considered for a reschedule. Wakeup-time 'queries' of the scheduling
 * state do not count. Another optimization we do: sched_yield()-ed
 * processes are runnable (and thus will be considered for scheduling)
 * right when they are calling schedule(). So the only place we need
 * to care about SCHED_YIELD is when we calculate the previous process'
 * goodness ...
 */
static inline int prev_goodness(struct task_struct * p, int this_cpu, struct mm_struct *this_mm)
{
	if (p->policy & SCHED_YIELD) {
		p->policy &= ~SCHED_YIELD;
		return 0;
	}
	return goodness(p, this_cpu, this_mm);
}

/*
 * the 'goodness value' of replacing a process on a given CPU.
 * positive value means 'replace', zero or negative means 'dont'.
 */
static inline int preemption_goodness(struct task_struct * prev, struct task_struct * p, int cpu)
{
	return goodness(p, cpu, prev->active_mm) - goodness(prev, cpu, prev->active_mm);
}

/*
 * This is ugly, but reschedule_idle() is very timing-critical.
 * We enter with the runqueue spinlock held, but we might end
 * up unlocking it early, so the caller must not unlock the
 * runqueue, it's always done by reschedule_idle().
 *
 * This function must be inline as anything that saves and restores
 * flags has to do so within the same register window on sparc (Anton)
 */
static inline void reschedule_idle(struct task_struct * p, unsigned long flags)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
	int this_cpu = smp_processor_id();
	struct task_struct *tsk, *target_tsk;
	int cpu, best_cpu, i, max_prio;
	cycles_t oldest_idle;

	/*
	 * shortcut if the woken up task's last CPU is
	 * idle now.
	 */
	best_cpu = p->processor;
	if (can_schedule(p, best_cpu)) {
		tsk = idle_task(best_cpu);
		if (cpu_curr(best_cpu) == tsk)
			goto send_now_idle;

		/*
		 * Maybe this process has enough priority to preempt
		 * its preferred CPU. (this is a shortcut):
		 */
		tsk = cpu_curr(best_cpu);
		if (preemption_goodness(tsk, p, best_cpu) > 0)
			goto preempt_now;
	}

	/*
	 * We know that the preferred CPU has a cache-affine current
	 * process, lets try to find a new idle CPU for the woken-up
	 * process. Select the least recently active idle CPU. (that
	 * one will have the least active cache context.) Also find
	 * the executing process which has the least priority.
	 */
	oldest_idle = -1ULL;
	target_tsk = NULL;
	max_prio = 1;

	for (i = 0; i < smp_num_cpus; i++) {
		cpu = cpu_logical_map(i);
		if (!can_schedule(p, cpu))
			continue;
		tsk = cpu_curr(cpu);
		/*
		 * We use the first available idle CPU. This creates
		 * a priority list between idle CPUs, but this is not
		 * a problem.
		 */
		if (tsk == idle_task(cpu)) {
			if (last_schedule(cpu) < oldest_idle) {
				oldest_idle = last_schedule(cpu);
				target_tsk = tsk;
			}
		} else {
			if (oldest_idle == -1ULL) {
				int prio = preemption_goodness(tsk, p, cpu);

				if (prio > max_prio) {
					max_prio = prio;
					target_tsk = tsk;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	tsk = target_tsk;
	if (tsk) {
		if (oldest_idle != -1ULL)
			goto send_now_idle;
		goto preempt_now;
	}

	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&runqueue_lock, flags);
	return;
		
send_now_idle:
	/*
	 * If need_resched == -1 then we can skip sending the IPI
	 * altogether, tsk->need_resched is actively watched by the
	 * idle thread.
	 */
	if ((tsk->processor != current->processor) && !tsk->need_resched)
		smp_send_reschedule(tsk->processor);
	tsk->need_resched = 1;
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&runqueue_lock, flags);
	return;

preempt_now:
	tsk->need_resched = 1;
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&runqueue_lock, flags);
	/*
	 * the APIC stuff can go outside of the lock because
	 * it uses no task information, only CPU#.
	 */
	if (tsk->processor != this_cpu)
		smp_send_reschedule(tsk->processor);
	return;
#else /* UP */
	int this_cpu = smp_processor_id();
	struct task_struct *tsk;

	tsk = cpu_curr(this_cpu);
	if (preemption_goodness(tsk, p, this_cpu) > 1)
		tsk->need_resched = 1;
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&runqueue_lock, flags);
#endif
}

/*
 * Careful!
 *
 * This has to add the process to the _beginning_ of the
 * run-queue, not the end. See the comment about "This is
 * subtle" in the scheduler proper..
 */
static inline void add_to_runqueue(struct task_struct * p)
{
	list_add(&p->run_list, &runqueue_head);
	nr_running++;
}

static inline void move_last_runqueue(struct task_struct * p)
{
	list_del(&p->run_list);
	list_add_tail(&p->run_list, &runqueue_head);
}

static inline void move_first_runqueue(struct task_struct * p)
{
	list_del(&p->run_list);
	list_add(&p->run_list, &runqueue_head);
}

/*
 * Wake up a process. Put it on the run-queue if it's not
 * already there.  The "current" process is always on the
 * run-queue (except when the actual re-schedule is in
 * progress), and as such you're allowed to do the simpler
 * "current->state = TASK_RUNNING" to mark yourself runnable
 * without the overhead of this.
 */
inline void wake_up_process(struct task_struct * p)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	/*
	 * We want the common case fall through straight, thus the goto.
	 */
	spin_lock_irqsave(&runqueue_lock, flags);
	p->state = TASK_RUNNING;
	if (task_on_runqueue(p))
		goto out;
	add_to_runqueue(p);
	reschedule_idle(p, flags); // spin_unlocks runqueue

	return;
out:
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&runqueue_lock, flags);
}

static inline void wake_up_process_synchronous(struct task_struct * p)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	/*
	 * We want the common case fall through straight, thus the goto.
	 */
	spin_lock_irqsave(&runqueue_lock, flags);
	p->state = TASK_RUNNING;
	if (task_on_runqueue(p))
		goto out;
	add_to_runqueue(p);
out:
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&runqueue_lock, flags);
}

static void process_timeout(unsigned long __data)
{
	struct task_struct * p = (struct task_struct *) __data;

	wake_up_process(p);
}

signed long schedule_timeout(signed long timeout)
{
	struct timer_list timer;
	unsigned long expire;

	switch (timeout)
	{
	case MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT:
		/*
		 * These two special cases are useful to be comfortable
		 * in the caller. Nothing more. We could take
		 * MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT from one of the negative value
		 * but I' d like to return a valid offset (>=0) to allow
		 * the caller to do everything it want with the retval.
		 */
		schedule();
		goto out;
	default:
		/*
		 * Another bit of PARANOID. Note that the retval will be
		 * 0 since no piece of kernel is supposed to do a check
		 * for a negative retval of schedule_timeout() (since it
		 * should never happens anyway). You just have the printk()
		 * that will tell you if something is gone wrong and where.
		 */
		if (timeout < 0)
		{
			printk(KERN_ERR "schedule_timeout: wrong timeout "
			       "value %lx from %p\n", timeout,
			       __builtin_return_address(0));
			current->state = TASK_RUNNING;
			goto out;
		}
	}

	expire = timeout + jiffies;

	init_timer(&timer);
	timer.expires = expire;
	timer.data = (unsigned long) current;
	timer.function = process_timeout;

	add_timer(&timer);
	schedule();
	del_timer_sync(&timer);

	timeout = expire - jiffies;

 out:
	return timeout < 0 ? 0 : timeout;
}

/*
 * schedule_tail() is getting called from the fork return path. This
 * cleans up all remaining scheduler things, without impacting the
 * common case.
 */
static inline void __schedule_tail(struct task_struct *prev)
{
	current->need_resched |= prev->need_resched;
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
	if ((prev->state == TASK_RUNNING) &&
			(prev != idle_task(smp_processor_id()))) {
		unsigned long flags;

		spin_lock_irqsave(&runqueue_lock, flags);
		prev->has_cpu = 0;
		reschedule_idle(prev, flags); // spin_unlocks runqueue
	} else {
		wmb();
		prev->has_cpu = 0;
	}
#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
}

void schedule_tail(struct task_struct *prev)
{
	__schedule_tail(prev);
}

/*
 *  'schedule()' is the scheduler function. It's a very simple and nice
 * scheduler: it's not perfect, but certainly works for most things.
 *
 * The goto is "interesting".
 *
 *   NOTE!!  Task 0 is the 'idle' task, which gets called when no other
 * tasks can run. It can not be killed, and it cannot sleep. The 'state'
 * information in task[0] is never used.
 */
asmlinkage void schedule(void)
{
	struct schedule_data * sched_data;
	struct task_struct *prev, *next, *p;
	struct list_head *tmp;
	int this_cpu, c;

	if (!current->active_mm) BUG();
	if (tq_scheduler)
		goto handle_tq_scheduler;
tq_scheduler_back:

	prev = current;
	this_cpu = prev->processor;

	if (in_interrupt())
		goto scheduling_in_interrupt;

	release_kernel_lock(prev, this_cpu);

	/* Do "administrative" work here while we don't hold any locks */
	if (softirq_state[this_cpu].active & softirq_state[this_cpu].mask)
		goto handle_softirq;
handle_softirq_back:

	/*
	 * 'sched_data' is protected by the fact that we can run
	 * only one process per CPU.
	 */
	sched_data = & aligned_data[this_cpu].schedule_data;

	spin_lock_irq(&runqueue_lock);

	/* move an exhausted RR process to be last.. */
	if (prev->policy == SCHED_RR)
		goto move_rr_last;
move_rr_back:

	switch (prev->state & ~TASK_EXCLUSIVE) {
		case TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE:
			if (signal_pending(prev)) {
				prev->state = TASK_RUNNING;
				break;
			}
		default:
			del_from_runqueue(prev);
		case TASK_RUNNING:
	}
	prev->need_resched = 0;

	/*
	 * this is the scheduler proper:
	 */

repeat_schedule:
	/*
	 * Default process to select..
	 */
	next = idle_task(this_cpu);
	c = -1000;
	if (prev->state == TASK_RUNNING)
		goto still_running;

still_running_back:
	list_for_each(tmp, &runqueue_head) {
		p = list_entry(tmp, struct task_struct, run_list);
		if (can_schedule(p, this_cpu)) {
			int weight = goodness(p, this_cpu, prev->active_mm);
			if (weight > c)
				c = weight, next = p;
		}
	}

	/* Do we need to re-calculate counters? */
	if (!c)
		goto recalculate;
	/*
	 * from this point on nothing can prevent us from
	 * switching to the next task, save this fact in
	 * sched_data.
	 */
	sched_data->curr = next;
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
 	next->has_cpu = 1;
	next->processor = this_cpu;
#endif
	spin_unlock_irq(&runqueue_lock);

	if (prev == next)
		goto same_process;

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
 	/*
 	 * maintain the per-process 'average timeslice' value.
 	 * (this has to be recalculated even if we reschedule to
 	 * the same process) Currently this is only used on SMP,
	 * and it's approximate, so we do not have to maintain
	 * it while holding the runqueue spinlock.
 	 */
	{
		cycles_t t, this_slice;

		t = get_cycles();
		this_slice = t - sched_data->last_schedule;
		sched_data->last_schedule = t;
	}

	/*
	 * We drop the scheduler lock early (it's a global spinlock),
	 * thus we have to lock the previous process from getting
	 * rescheduled during switch_to().
	 */

#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */

	kstat.context_swtch++;
	/*
	 * there are 3 processes which are affected by a context switch:
	 *
	 * prev == .... ==> (last => next)
	 *
	 * It's the 'much more previous' 'prev' that is on next's stack,
	 * but prev is set to (the just run) 'last' process by switch_to().
	 * This might sound slightly confusing but makes tons of sense.
	 */
	prepare_to_switch();
	{
		struct mm_struct *mm = next->mm;
		struct mm_struct *oldmm = prev->active_mm;
		if (!mm) {
			if (next->active_mm) BUG();
			next->active_mm = oldmm;
			atomic_inc(&oldmm->mm_count);
			enter_lazy_tlb(oldmm, next, this_cpu);
		} else {
			if (next->active_mm != mm) BUG();
			switch_mm(oldmm, mm, next, this_cpu);
		}

		if (!prev->mm) {
			prev->active_mm = NULL;
			mmdrop(oldmm);
		}
	}

	/*
	 * This just switches the register state and the
	 * stack.
	 */
	switch_to(prev, next, prev);
	__schedule_tail(prev);

same_process:
	reacquire_kernel_lock(current);
	return;

recalculate:
	{
		struct task_struct *p;
		spin_unlock_irq(&runqueue_lock);
		read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
		for_each_task(p)
			p->counter = (p->counter >> 1) + NICE_TO_TICKS(p->nice);
		read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
		spin_lock_irq(&runqueue_lock);
	}
	goto repeat_schedule;

still_running:
	c = prev_goodness(prev, this_cpu, prev->active_mm);
	next = prev;
	goto still_running_back;

handle_softirq:
	do_softirq();
	goto handle_softirq_back;

handle_tq_scheduler:
	/*
	 * do not run the task queue with disabled interrupts,
	 * cli() wouldn't work on SMP
	 */
	sti();
	run_task_queue(&tq_scheduler);
	goto tq_scheduler_back;

move_rr_last:
	if (!prev->counter) {
		prev->counter = NICE_TO_TICKS(prev->nice);
		move_last_runqueue(prev);
	}
	goto move_rr_back;

scheduling_in_interrupt:
	printk("Scheduling in interrupt\n");
	BUG();
	return;
}

static inline void __wake_up_common (wait_queue_head_t *q, unsigned int mode,
						const int sync)
{
	struct list_head *tmp, *head;
	struct task_struct *p, *best_exclusive;
	unsigned long flags;
	int best_cpu, irq;

        if (!q)
		goto out;

	best_cpu = smp_processor_id();
	irq = in_interrupt();
	best_exclusive = NULL;
	wq_write_lock_irqsave(&q->lock, flags);

#if WAITQUEUE_DEBUG
	CHECK_MAGIC_WQHEAD(q);
#endif

	head = &q->task_list;
#if WAITQUEUE_DEBUG
        if (!head->next || !head->prev)
                WQ_BUG();
#endif
	tmp = head->next;
	while (tmp != head) {
		unsigned int state;
                wait_queue_t *curr = list_entry(tmp, wait_queue_t, task_list);

		tmp = tmp->next;

#if WAITQUEUE_DEBUG
		CHECK_MAGIC(curr->__magic);
#endif
		p = curr->task;
		state = p->state;
		if (state & (mode & ~TASK_EXCLUSIVE)) {
#if WAITQUEUE_DEBUG
			curr->__waker = (long)__builtin_return_address(0);
#endif
			/*
			 * If waking up from an interrupt context then
			 * prefer processes which are affine to this
			 * CPU.
			 */
			if (irq && (state & mode & TASK_EXCLUSIVE)) {
				if (!best_exclusive)
					best_exclusive = p;
				else if ((p->processor == best_cpu) &&
					(best_exclusive->processor != best_cpu))
						best_exclusive = p;
			} else {
				if (sync)
					wake_up_process_synchronous(p);
				else
					wake_up_process(p);
				if (state & mode & TASK_EXCLUSIVE)
					break;
			}
		}
	}
	if (best_exclusive)
		best_exclusive->state = TASK_RUNNING;
	wq_write_unlock_irqrestore(&q->lock, flags);

	if (best_exclusive) {
		if (sync)
			wake_up_process_synchronous(best_exclusive);
		else
			wake_up_process(best_exclusive);
	}
out:
	return;
}

void __wake_up(wait_queue_head_t *q, unsigned int mode)
{
	__wake_up_common(q, mode, 0);
}

void __wake_up_sync(wait_queue_head_t *q, unsigned int mode)
{
	__wake_up_common(q, mode, 1);
}

#define	SLEEP_ON_VAR				\
	unsigned long flags;			\
	wait_queue_t wait;			\
	init_waitqueue_entry(&wait, current);

#define	SLEEP_ON_HEAD					\
	wq_write_lock_irqsave(&q->lock,flags);		\
	__add_wait_queue(q, &wait);			\
	wq_write_unlock(&q->lock);

#define	SLEEP_ON_TAIL						\
	wq_write_lock_irq(&q->lock);				\
	__remove_wait_queue(q, &wait);				\
	wq_write_unlock_irqrestore(&q->lock,flags);

void interruptible_sleep_on(wait_queue_head_t *q)
{
	SLEEP_ON_VAR

	current->state = TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE;

	SLEEP_ON_HEAD
	schedule();
	SLEEP_ON_TAIL
}

long interruptible_sleep_on_timeout(wait_queue_head_t *q, long timeout)
{
	SLEEP_ON_VAR

	current->state = TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE;

	SLEEP_ON_HEAD
	timeout = schedule_timeout(timeout);
	SLEEP_ON_TAIL

	return timeout;
}

void sleep_on(wait_queue_head_t *q)
{
	SLEEP_ON_VAR
	
	current->state = TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE;

	SLEEP_ON_HEAD
	schedule();
	SLEEP_ON_TAIL
}

long sleep_on_timeout(wait_queue_head_t *q, long timeout)
{
	SLEEP_ON_VAR
	
	current->state = TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE;

	SLEEP_ON_HEAD
	timeout = schedule_timeout(timeout);
	SLEEP_ON_TAIL

	return timeout;
}

void scheduling_functions_end_here(void) { }

#ifndef __alpha__

/*
 * This has been replaced by sys_setpriority.  Maybe it should be
 * moved into the arch dependent tree for those ports that require
 * it for backward compatibility?
 */

asmlinkage long sys_nice(int increment)
{
	long newprio;

	/*
	 *	Setpriority might change our priority at the same moment.
	 *	We don't have to worry. Conceptually one call occurs first
	 *	and we have a single winner.
	 */
	if (increment < 0) {
		if (!capable(CAP_SYS_NICE))
			return -EPERM;
		if (increment < -40)
			increment = -40;
	}
	if (increment > 40)
		increment = 40;

	newprio = current->nice + increment;
	if (newprio < -20)
		newprio = -20;
	if (newprio > 19)
		newprio = 19;
	current->nice = newprio;
	return 0;
}

#endif

static inline struct task_struct *find_process_by_pid(pid_t pid)
{
	struct task_struct *tsk = current;

	if (pid)
		tsk = find_task_by_pid(pid);
	return tsk;
}

static int setscheduler(pid_t pid, int policy, 
			struct sched_param *param)
{
	struct sched_param lp;
	struct task_struct *p;
	int retval;

	retval = -EINVAL;
	if (!param || pid < 0)
		goto out_nounlock;

	retval = -EFAULT;
	if (copy_from_user(&lp, param, sizeof(struct sched_param)))
		goto out_nounlock;

	/*
	 * We play safe to avoid deadlocks.
	 */
	spin_lock_irq(&runqueue_lock);
	read_lock(&tasklist_lock);

	p = find_process_by_pid(pid);

	retval = -ESRCH;
	if (!p)
		goto out_unlock;
			
	if (policy < 0)
		policy = p->policy;
	else {
		retval = -EINVAL;
		if (policy != SCHED_FIFO && policy != SCHED_RR &&
				policy != SCHED_OTHER)
			goto out_unlock;
	}
	
	/*
	 * Valid priorities for SCHED_FIFO and SCHED_RR are 1..99, valid
	 * priority for SCHED_OTHER is 0.
	 */
	retval = -EINVAL;
	if (lp.sched_priority < 0 || lp.sched_priority > 99)
		goto out_unlock;
	if ((policy == SCHED_OTHER) != (lp.sched_priority == 0))
		goto out_unlock;

	retval = -EPERM;
	if ((policy == SCHED_FIFO || policy == SCHED_RR) && 
	    !capable(CAP_SYS_NICE))
		goto out_unlock;
	if ((current->euid != p->euid) && (current->euid != p->uid) &&
	    !capable(CAP_SYS_NICE))
		goto out_unlock;

	retval = 0;
	p->policy = policy;
	p->rt_priority = lp.sched_priority;
	if (task_on_runqueue(p))
		move_first_runqueue(p);

	current->need_resched = 1;

out_unlock:
	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
	spin_unlock_irq(&runqueue_lock);

out_nounlock:
	return retval;
}

asmlinkage long sys_sched_setscheduler(pid_t pid, int policy, 
				      struct sched_param *param)
{
	return setscheduler(pid, policy, param);
}

asmlinkage long sys_sched_setparam(pid_t pid, struct sched_param *param)
{
	return setscheduler(pid, -1, param);
}

asmlinkage long sys_sched_getscheduler(pid_t pid)
{
	struct task_struct *p;
	int retval;

	retval = -EINVAL;
	if (pid < 0)
		goto out_nounlock;

	retval = -ESRCH;
	read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
	p = find_process_by_pid(pid);
	if (p)
		retval = p->policy & ~SCHED_YIELD;
	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);

out_nounlock:
	return retval;
}

asmlinkage long sys_sched_getparam(pid_t pid, struct sched_param *param)
{
	struct task_struct *p;
	struct sched_param lp;
	int retval;

	retval = -EINVAL;
	if (!param || pid < 0)
		goto out_nounlock;

	read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
	p = find_process_by_pid(pid);
	retval = -ESRCH;
	if (!p)
		goto out_unlock;
	lp.sched_priority = p->rt_priority;
	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);

	/*
	 * This one might sleep, we cannot do it with a spinlock held ...
	 */
	retval = copy_to_user(param, &lp, sizeof(*param)) ? -EFAULT : 0;

out_nounlock:
	return retval;

out_unlock:
	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
	return retval;
}

asmlinkage long sys_sched_yield(void)
{
	spin_lock_irq(&runqueue_lock);
	if (current->policy == SCHED_OTHER)
		current->policy |= SCHED_YIELD;
	current->need_resched = 1;
	move_last_runqueue(current);
	spin_unlock_irq(&runqueue_lock);
	return 0;
}

asmlinkage long sys_sched_get_priority_max(int policy)
{
	int ret = -EINVAL;

	switch (policy) {
	case SCHED_FIFO:
	case SCHED_RR:
		ret = 99;
		break;
	case SCHED_OTHER:
		ret = 0;
		break;
	}
	return ret;
}

asmlinkage long sys_sched_get_priority_min(int policy)
{
	int ret = -EINVAL;

	switch (policy) {
	case SCHED_FIFO:
	case SCHED_RR:
		ret = 1;
		break;
	case SCHED_OTHER:
		ret = 0;
	}
	return ret;
}

asmlinkage long sys_sched_rr_get_interval(pid_t pid, struct timespec *interval)
{
	struct timespec t;
	struct task_struct *p;
	int retval = -EINVAL;

	if (pid < 0)
		goto out_nounlock;

	retval = -ESRCH;
	read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
	p = find_process_by_pid(pid);
	if (p)
		jiffies_to_timespec(p->policy & SCHED_FIFO ? 0 : NICE_TO_TICKS(p->nice),
				    &t);
	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
	if (p)
		retval = copy_to_user(interval, &t, sizeof(t)) ? -EFAULT : 0;
out_nounlock:
	return retval;
}

static void show_task(struct task_struct * p)
{
	unsigned long free = 0;
	int state;
	static const char * stat_nam[] = { "R", "S", "D", "Z", "T", "W" };

	printk("%-8s  ", p->comm);
	state = p->state ? ffz(~p->state) + 1 : 0;
	if (((unsigned) state) < sizeof(stat_nam)/sizeof(char *))
		printk(stat_nam[state]);
	else
		printk(" ");
#if (BITS_PER_LONG == 32)
	if (p == current)
		printk(" current  ");
	else
		printk(" %08lX ", thread_saved_pc(&p->thread));
#else
	if (p == current)
		printk("   current task   ");
	else
		printk(" %016lx ", thread_saved_pc(&p->thread));
#endif
	{
		unsigned long * n = (unsigned long *) (p+1);
		while (!*n)
			n++;
		free = (unsigned long) n - (unsigned long)(p+1);
	}
	printk("%5lu %5d %6d ", free, p->pid, p->p_pptr->pid);
	if (p->p_cptr)
		printk("%5d ", p->p_cptr->pid);
	else
		printk("      ");
	if (!p->mm)
		printk(" (L-TLB) ");
	else
		printk(" (NOTLB) ");
	if (p->p_ysptr)
		printk("%7d", p->p_ysptr->pid);
	else
		printk("       ");
	if (p->p_osptr)
		printk(" %5d\n", p->p_osptr->pid);
	else
		printk("\n");

	{
		struct signal_queue *q;
		char s[sizeof(sigset_t)*2+1], b[sizeof(sigset_t)*2+1]; 

		render_sigset_t(&p->signal, s);
		render_sigset_t(&p->blocked, b);
		printk("   sig: %d %s %s :", signal_pending(p), s, b);
		for (q = p->sigqueue; q ; q = q->next)
			printk(" %d", q->info.si_signo);
		printk(" X\n");
	}
}

char * render_sigset_t(sigset_t *set, char *buffer)
{
	int i = _NSIG, x;
	do {
		i -= 4, x = 0;
		if (sigismember(set, i+1)) x |= 1;
		if (sigismember(set, i+2)) x |= 2;
		if (sigismember(set, i+3)) x |= 4;
		if (sigismember(set, i+4)) x |= 8;
		*buffer++ = (x < 10 ? '0' : 'a' - 10) + x;
	} while (i >= 4);
	*buffer = 0;
	return buffer;
}

void show_state(void)
{
	struct task_struct *p;

#if (BITS_PER_LONG == 32)
	printk("\n"
	       "                         free                        sibling\n");
	printk("  task             PC    stack   pid father child younger older\n");
#else
	printk("\n"
	       "                                 free                        sibling\n");
	printk("  task                 PC        stack   pid father child younger older\n");
#endif
	read_lock(&tasklist_lock);
	for_each_task(p)
		show_task(p);
	read_unlock(&tasklist_lock);
}

/*
 *	Put all the gunge required to become a kernel thread without
 *	attached user resources in one place where it belongs.
 */

void daemonize(void)
{
	struct fs_struct *fs;


	/*
	 * If we were started as result of loading a module, close all of the
	 * user space pages.  We don't need them, and if we didn't close them
	 * they would be locked into memory.
	 */
	exit_mm(current);

	current->session = 1;
	current->pgrp = 1;

	/* Become as one with the init task */

	exit_fs(current);	/* current->fs->count--; */
	fs = init_task.fs;
	current->fs = fs;
	atomic_inc(&fs->count);

}

void __init init_idle(void)
{
	struct schedule_data * sched_data;
	sched_data = &aligned_data[smp_processor_id()].schedule_data;

	if (current != &init_task && task_on_runqueue(current)) {
		printk("UGH! (%d:%d) was on the runqueue, removing.\n",
			smp_processor_id(), current->pid);
		del_from_runqueue(current);
	}
	sched_data->curr = current;
	sched_data->last_schedule = get_cycles();
}

extern void init_timervecs (void);

void __init sched_init(void)
{
	/*
	 * We have to do a little magic to get the first
	 * process right in SMP mode.
	 */
	int cpu = smp_processor_id();
	int nr;

	init_task.processor = cpu;

	for(nr = 0; nr < PIDHASH_SZ; nr++)
		pidhash[nr] = NULL;

	init_timervecs();

	init_bh(TIMER_BH, timer_bh);
	init_bh(TQUEUE_BH, tqueue_bh);
	init_bh(IMMEDIATE_BH, immediate_bh);

	/*
	 * The boot idle thread does lazy MMU switching as well:
	 */
	atomic_inc(&init_mm.mm_count);
	enter_lazy_tlb(&init_mm, current, cpu);
}